{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312809171","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2022.3222018","title":"Comparative Study of Fractional Vegetation Cover Estimation Methods Based on Fine Spatial Resolution Images for Three Vegetation Types","display_name":"Comparative Study of Fractional Vegetation Cover Estimation Methods Based on Fine Spatial Resolution Images for Three Vegetation Types","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312809171","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2022.3222018"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2022.3222018","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2022.3222018","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112357426","display_name":"Jing Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7221-3556"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jing Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112559416","display_name":"Jing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9736-5732"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018009227","display_name":"Qinhuo Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3713-9511"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinhuo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031166189","display_name":"Zhaoxing Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaoxing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084781000","display_name":"Yadong Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1257-9449"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yadong Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I25254941","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112357426"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941","https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I4210166112"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8673,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85507908,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalized-difference-vegetation-index","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","score":0.7926317453384399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","score":0.7195874452590942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.6678389310836792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-vegetation-index","display_name":"Enhanced vegetation index","score":0.6331816911697388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6294329762458801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover","display_name":"Land cover","score":0.6148843765258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.5980119109153748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5535361766815186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.46388891339302063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.4257066547870636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.33055901527404785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2701200246810913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-area-index","display_name":"Leaf area index","score":0.2344822883605957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1741105616092682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetation-index","display_name":"Vegetation Index","score":0.159211665391922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.15581703186035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.10228347778320312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.08831366896629333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.08097371459007263}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1549246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718775","display_name":"Normalized Difference Vegetation Index","level":3,"score":0.7926317453384399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.7195874452590942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.6678389310836792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78869512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5378810","display_name":"Enhanced vegetation index","level":5,"score":0.6331816911697388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6294329762458801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.6148843765258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.5980119109153748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5535361766815186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.46388891339302063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.4257066547870636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.33055901527404785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2701200246810913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25989453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446746","display_name":"Leaf area index","level":2,"score":0.2344822883605957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1741105616092682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780376076","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1499458","display_name":"Vegetation Index","level":4,"score":0.159211665391922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.15581703186035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.10228347778320312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08831366896629333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.08097371459007263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2022.3222018","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2022.3222018","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.7099999785423279,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6924303973","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019YFE0126700","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6992340280","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41871265","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W61452412","https://openalex.org/W1962255836","https://openalex.org/W1970822048","https://openalex.org/W1971263100","https://openalex.org/W2013061102","https://openalex.org/W2043273487","https://openalex.org/W2069358120","https://openalex.org/W2136408258","https://openalex.org/W2149324144","https://openalex.org/W2166516660","https://openalex.org/W2285717070","https://openalex.org/W2520068811","https://openalex.org/W2526130632","https://openalex.org/W2603028033","https://openalex.org/W2727879026","https://openalex.org/W2883368201","https://openalex.org/W2911416520","https://openalex.org/W2995363336","https://openalex.org/W3011940184","https://openalex.org/W3012934366","https://openalex.org/W3013493848","https://openalex.org/W3014625532","https://openalex.org/W3049477278","https://openalex.org/W3125880037","https://openalex.org/W6782336622","https://openalex.org/W6790008996"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2063375513","https://openalex.org/W2413001789","https://openalex.org/W3215150464","https://openalex.org/W2988456953","https://openalex.org/W2373395487","https://openalex.org/W1968300283","https://openalex.org/W2602731491","https://openalex.org/W2359430837","https://openalex.org/W2765415771","https://openalex.org/W2134500407"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"High-accuracy":[0],"estimates":[1,118],"of":[2,46,49,69,72,99,130,198],"fractional":[3],"vegetation":[4,11,63,73,114],"cover":[5],"(FVC)":[6],"are":[7,33],"vital":[8],"for":[9,35,194],"regional-scale":[10],"growth":[12],"monitoring.":[13],"In":[14],"this":[15],"context,":[16],"a":[17,192],"question":[18],"worth":[19],"exploring":[20],"is":[21],"whether":[22],"FVC":[23,88,117,131,199],"estimation":[24,200],"methods":[25],"developed":[26],"at":[27],"300-m":[28],"to":[29],"1-km":[30],"spatial":[31,37,203],"resolution":[32,38,93,204],"suitable":[34],"finer":[36],"satellite":[39],"images.":[40,205],"This":[41,189],"study":[42,190],"compared":[43],"the":[44,52,60,75,97,108,116,120,124,147,170,196],"performances":[45],"three":[47],"types":[48],"algorithms":[50],"[i.e.,":[51],"pixel":[53],"dichotomy":[54],"model":[55],"(PDM)":[56],"based":[57,86,150,173],"on":[58,87,151,174],"either":[59],"normalized":[61],"difference":[62],"index":[64,68],"(NDVI)":[65],"or":[66],"an":[67],"near-infrared":[70],"reflectance":[71],"(NIRv),":[74],"gap":[76],"probability":[77],"theory":[78],"(GPT),":[79],"and":[80,91,107,139,163,185],"linear":[81],"spectral":[82],"mixture":[83],"analysis":[84],"(LSMA)]":[85],"ground":[89,128,158,180],"measurements":[90,129,159,181],"fine":[92,202],"reference":[94,193],"maps":[95],"from":[96,119],"Validation":[98],"Land":[100],"European":[101],"Remote":[102],"sensing":[103],"Instrument":[104],"(VALERI)":[105],"project":[106],"ImagineS":[109],"field":[110],"campaigns.":[111],"For":[112,144,167],"all":[113],"types,":[115,146],"GPT":[121],"method":[122,149,172,197],"showed":[123,154,176],"best":[125],"consistency":[126],"with":[127,157,179,201],"[root":[132],"mean":[133],"square":[134],"error":[135],"(RMSE)":[136],"=":[137,142,161,165,183,187],"0.17":[138,162],"bias":[140],"(BIAS)":[141],"0.05].":[143],"forest":[145],"PDM":[148,171],"NDVI":[152],"also":[153],"satisfactory":[155],"results":[156],"(RMSE":[160,182],"BIAS":[164,186],"0.11).":[166],"sparse":[168],"grasses,":[169],"NIRv":[175],"better":[177],"agreement":[178],"0.15":[184],"0.01).":[188],"provides":[191],"selecting":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}