{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312708041","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2022.3214570","title":"Low Sidelobe Quasi-Orthogonal NLFM Waveforms With Reciprocating Frequency Modulation","display_name":"Low Sidelobe Quasi-Orthogonal NLFM Waveforms With Reciprocating Frequency Modulation","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312708041","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2022.3214570"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2022.3214570","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2022.3214570","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051317394","display_name":"Qinyu Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7520-3078"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qinyu Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Aerospace Information Research Institute, National Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, National Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068072380","display_name":"Jiyao Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4482-7758"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiyao Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Aerospace Information Research Institute, National Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, National Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100731336","display_name":"Chenyu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4159-8892"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenyu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Aerospace Information Research Institute, National Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, National Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007802013","display_name":"Wangzhe Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5074-4620"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137199","display_name":"Aerospace Information Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0419fj215","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wangzhe Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Aerospace Information Research Institute, National Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace Information Research Institute, National Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051317394"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210137199","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0167,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94097912,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9589999914169312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12158","display_name":"Guidance and Control Systems","score":0.9506999850273132,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.9206373691558838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.5898485779762268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reciprocating-motion","display_name":"Reciprocating motion","score":0.5756036043167114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-modulation","display_name":"Frequency modulation","score":0.5541653633117676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autocorrelation","display_name":"Autocorrelation","score":0.5056490898132324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.4541257917881012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.39983314275741577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.39340779185295105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3651371896266937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3203499913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.27863770723342896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.24044755101203918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.1759268045425415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1725727617740631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.10374289751052856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.10106784105300903}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.9206373691558838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.5898485779762268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15466294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3775883","display_name":"Reciprocating motion","level":3,"score":0.5756036043167114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11930861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181417","display_name":"Frequency modulation","level":3,"score":0.5541653633117676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5297727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786970","display_name":"Autocorrelation","level":2,"score":0.5056490898132324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.4541257917881012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.39983314275741577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.39340779185295105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3651371896266937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3203499913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.27863770723342896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.24044755101203918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.1759268045425415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1725727617740631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10374289751052856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10106784105300903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199978012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1273815","display_name":"Bearing (navigation)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2022.3214570","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2022.3214570","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6700000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2652165609","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFA0701900","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5202896569","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61690191","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7134184346","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFA0701901","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2018744547","https://openalex.org/W2019079083","https://openalex.org/W2024776588","https://openalex.org/W2057482421","https://openalex.org/W2066417303","https://openalex.org/W2105797078","https://openalex.org/W2108625419","https://openalex.org/W2110964282","https://openalex.org/W2164690373","https://openalex.org/W2341839539","https://openalex.org/W2530656616","https://openalex.org/W2560387686","https://openalex.org/W2611473161","https://openalex.org/W2808190866","https://openalex.org/W2981685216","https://openalex.org/W2981971375","https://openalex.org/W3007574946","https://openalex.org/W3008976812","https://openalex.org/W3035725271","https://openalex.org/W3040204436","https://openalex.org/W3098796138","https://openalex.org/W3115828106","https://openalex.org/W3156638564","https://openalex.org/W4205570564"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3035725271","https://openalex.org/W2162174235","https://openalex.org/W4387474130","https://openalex.org/W2004723848","https://openalex.org/W2093157008","https://openalex.org/W1518527075","https://openalex.org/W2143773860","https://openalex.org/W2054254129","https://openalex.org/W2068642629","https://openalex.org/W639821337"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,44],"difficulty":[1],"in":[2],"designing":[3],"quasi-orthogonal":[4,41,117],"radar":[5],"waveforms":[6,104,118],"is":[7,71],"to":[8,73],"ensure":[9],"low":[10,50],"levels":[11,99],"of":[12,25,53,61,100],"autocorrelation":[13],"sidelobe":[14,51],"peak":[15,19],"(ASP)":[16],"and":[17,58,86,96,110],"cross-correlation":[18],"(CCP)":[20],"under":[21,119],"a":[22,30],"large":[23],"number":[24],"waveforms.":[26],"This":[27],"letter":[28],"proposes":[29],"waveform":[31,42,46,76,122],"model":[32],"with":[33,115],"reciprocating":[34,64],"nonlinear":[35,54],"frequency":[36,55,65],"modulation":[37,56],"(RNLFM)":[38],"for":[39],"the":[40,49,75,94,97,101,120],"design.":[43],"RNLFM":[45,103],"both":[47],"enjoys":[48],"characteristics":[52],"(NLFM)":[57],"high":[59],"degrees":[60],"freedom":[62],"from":[63],"modulation.":[66],"A":[67],"greedy":[68],"optimization":[69,81],"framework":[70],"presented":[72],"decompose":[74],"design":[77],"problem":[78],"into":[79],"two":[80],"problems":[82],"that":[83,93],"minimize":[84],"ASP":[85,95],"CCP":[87,98],"levels,":[88],"respectively.":[89],"Simulation":[90],"results":[91],"show":[92],"optimized":[102],"are":[105],"reduced":[106],"by":[107],"5.5~9.5":[108],"dB":[109,112],"0.2~2.4":[111],"respectively,":[113],"compared":[114],"other":[116],"same":[121],"number.":[123]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
