{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312554863","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2022.3213547","title":"Characteristics of Sporadic E Layer Over and Around Qinghai-Tibet Plateau","display_name":"Characteristics of Sporadic E Layer Over and Around Qinghai-Tibet Plateau","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312554863","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2022.3213547"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2022.3213547","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2022.3213547","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051142846","display_name":"Dan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2102-0302"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124847","display_name":"National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials","ror":"https://ror.org/02k4dcs46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124847"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment, China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation (CRIRP), Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2102-0302","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment, China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation (CRIRP), Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124847"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100688237","display_name":"Kun Xue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2019-6632"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124847","display_name":"National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials","ror":"https://ror.org/02k4dcs46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124847"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kun Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment, China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation (CRIRP), Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment, China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation (CRIRP), Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124847"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101979758","display_name":"Haisheng Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124847","display_name":"National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials","ror":"https://ror.org/02k4dcs46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124847"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hai-Sheng Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment, China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation (CRIRP), Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9762-8149","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment, China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation (CRIRP), Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124847"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077500746","display_name":"Zhengwen Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8814-6706"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124847","display_name":"National Engineering Research Center of Electromagnetic Radiation Control Materials","ror":"https://ror.org/02k4dcs46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124847"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng-Wen Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment, China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation (CRIRP), Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8814-6706","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment, China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation (CRIRP), Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124847"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124847"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7739,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74255731,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10159","display_name":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sunrise","display_name":"Sunrise","score":0.8244200944900513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plateau","display_name":"Plateau (mathematics)","score":0.7785825729370117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intensity","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","score":0.6505811214447021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionosonde","display_name":"Ionosonde","score":0.6210777759552002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sporadic-e-propagation","display_name":"Sporadic E propagation","score":0.6114125847816467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain","display_name":"Terrain","score":0.5529242157936096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-distribution","display_name":"Spatial distribution","score":0.529199481010437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.4794260859489441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4538187086582184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionogram","display_name":"Ionogram","score":0.4237653911113739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.4224485754966736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatology","display_name":"Climatology","score":0.37661147117614746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-geography","display_name":"Physical geography","score":0.3479364216327667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionosphere","display_name":"Ionosphere","score":0.284210741519928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.22149506211280823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.206354558467865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12491798400878906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geophysics","display_name":"Geophysics","score":0.09230291843414307}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38262639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193294","display_name":"Sunrise","level":2,"score":0.8244200944900513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780030769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4968575","display_name":"Plateau (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.7785825729370117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93038891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061524","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6505811214447021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184850221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3801433","display_name":"Ionosonde","level":4,"score":0.6210777759552002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78251058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1473826","display_name":"Sporadic E propagation","level":3,"score":0.6114125847816467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.5529242157936096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777016058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574061","display_name":"Spatial distribution","level":2,"score":0.529199481010437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.4794260859489441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4538187086582184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16269946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3801433","display_name":"Ionogram","level":4,"score":0.4237653911113739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.4224485754966736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.37661147117614746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.3479364216327667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116403925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162219","display_name":"Ionosphere","level":2,"score":0.284210741519928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.22149506211280823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.206354558467865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12491798400878906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.09230291843414307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125485243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905186","display_name":"Electron density","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147120987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225","display_name":"Electron","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2022.3213547","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2022.3213547","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4805084358","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ts20190968","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326189","funder_display_name":"Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6070988307","display_name":"\u536b\u661f\u4fe1\u53f7\u7535\u79bb\u5c42\u95ea\u70c1\u6291\u5236\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61871352","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326189","display_name":"Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W169074897","https://openalex.org/W1761448457","https://openalex.org/W1971566355","https://openalex.org/W1983076874","https://openalex.org/W1987326676","https://openalex.org/W1988099996","https://openalex.org/W2044168845","https://openalex.org/W2055860133","https://openalex.org/W2068739050","https://openalex.org/W2093021986","https://openalex.org/W2097901117","https://openalex.org/W2132421158","https://openalex.org/W2140464876","https://openalex.org/W2170955317","https://openalex.org/W2263295773","https://openalex.org/W2380354515","https://openalex.org/W3020877342","https://openalex.org/W3120084520","https://openalex.org/W4283032236"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2034958091","https://openalex.org/W2019695837","https://openalex.org/W3041770543","https://openalex.org/W4224279143","https://openalex.org/W1972003699","https://openalex.org/W2030795039","https://openalex.org/W2044705335","https://openalex.org/W4309458372","https://openalex.org/W1981466320","https://openalex.org/W2916248508"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,97,107,161],"Qinghai-Tibet":[1],"Plateau":[2,180],"(QTP)":[3],"is":[4,131,137,154,174],"located":[5],"at":[6,48,91,115,125],"the":[7,10,16,32,56,64,67,75,78,94,113,123,134,141,146,167,172,179],"roof":[8],"of":[9,19,31,61,77,102,149,178],"world.":[11],"Since":[12],"its":[13],"unique":[14],"geography,":[15],"spatial-temporal":[17],"characteristics":[18],"sporadic":[20],"E":[21],"layer":[22,104],"(Es)":[23],"over":[24,63],"and":[25,36,50,58,66,99,109,117],"around":[26],"there":[27],"could":[28],"be":[29],"hints":[30],"coupling":[33],"between":[34],"upper":[35],"lower":[37],"atmosphere.":[38],"It":[39,130],"also":[40],"plays":[41],"an":[42],"important":[43],"role":[44],"on":[45],"radio":[46],"propagation":[47],"HF":[49],"VHF":[51],"band.":[52],"In":[53,144],"this":[54],"letter,":[55],"intensity":[57,108,136,153,163,170],"spatial":[59],"distribution":[60],"Es":[62,103,135,152,162,169],"QTP,":[65],"response":[68],"to":[69],"solar":[70,142,147],"activity":[71],"are":[72,89,105,112],"studied.":[73],"With":[74],"bonus":[76],"Chinese":[79],"ionosonde":[80],"network":[81],"for":[82,93],"more":[83],"than":[84,157,176],"60":[85],"years,":[86,151],"some":[87],"conclusions":[88],"arrived":[90],"firstly":[92],"QTP.":[95],"(1)":[96],"diurnal":[98],"seasonal":[100],"variations":[101],"significant.":[106],"critical":[110],"frequency":[111],"highest":[114],"11:00":[116],"12:00":[118],"LT":[119],"in":[120,127,171],"summer,":[121],"while":[122],"lowest":[124],"sunrise":[126],"winter.":[128],"(2)":[129],"found":[132],"that":[133],"negatively":[138],"correlated":[139],"with":[140,166],"cycle.":[143],"2020,":[145],"minimum":[148],"200":[150],"obvious":[155],"higher":[156,175],"other":[158],"years.":[159],"(3)":[160],"positively":[164],"correlates":[165],"terrain.":[168],"southeast":[173],"northwest":[177],"significantly.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}