{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4297094441","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2022.3210036","title":"High-Resolution Refocusing for Defocused ISAR Images by Complex-Valued Pix2pixHD Network","display_name":"High-Resolution Refocusing for Defocused ISAR Images by Complex-Valued Pix2pixHD Network","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4297094441","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2022.3210036"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2022.3210036","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2022.3210036","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038020087","display_name":"Haoxuan Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5773-7965"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haoxuan Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","School of electronic and information engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5773-7965","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of electronic and information engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004571840","display_name":"Hongbo Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4750-1457"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongbo Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","School of electronic and information engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4750-1457","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of electronic and information engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100639306","display_name":"Yun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0642-712X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","School of electronic and information engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of electronic and information engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100424449","display_name":"Yong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4934-9831"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","School of electronic and information engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4934-9831","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of electronic and information engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102799101","display_name":"Zitao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7600-6079"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zitao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","School of electronic and information engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7600-6079","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of electronic and information engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005081263","display_name":"Chenxi Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5121-2015"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenxi Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","School of electronic and information engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of electronic and information engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010628608","display_name":"Chengxin Yao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengxin Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","School of electronic and information engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of electronic and information engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038020087"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1303,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80461486,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9821000099182129,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8225440979003906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse-synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Inverse synthetic aperture radar","score":0.7442666292190552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autofocus","display_name":"Autofocus","score":0.6861556768417358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.640740156173706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5503045916557312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4989182949066162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-adversarial-network","display_name":"Generative adversarial network","score":0.4607921540737152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.45485711097717285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.4147166609764099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.37500303983688354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.34797728061676025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.3104483485221863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8225440979003906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109094680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6060432","display_name":"Inverse synthetic aperture radar","level":4,"score":0.7442666292190552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103764139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210008","display_name":"Autofocus","level":3,"score":0.6861556768417358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.640740156173706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5503045916557312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4989182949066162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988773926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25104379","display_name":"Generative adversarial network","level":3,"score":0.4607921540737152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.45485711097717285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.4147166609764099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.37500303983688354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.34797728061676025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.3104483485221863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2022.3210036","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2022.3210036","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G266968521","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61671490","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7815975069","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61201308","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1885185971","https://openalex.org/W2134682180","https://openalex.org/W2166785746","https://openalex.org/W2488580825","https://openalex.org/W2754361766","https://openalex.org/W2793648181","https://openalex.org/W2796746338","https://openalex.org/W2810566158","https://openalex.org/W2905158293","https://openalex.org/W2963800363","https://openalex.org/W3118850552","https://openalex.org/W3136616158","https://openalex.org/W3167611188","https://openalex.org/W3176707157","https://openalex.org/W3217775520","https://openalex.org/W4212773189","https://openalex.org/W4224238400","https://openalex.org/W4285291918"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1573254389","https://openalex.org/W1975886507","https://openalex.org/W2999907741","https://openalex.org/W2664287480","https://openalex.org/W2763904007","https://openalex.org/W2018301928","https://openalex.org/W2013352441","https://openalex.org/W2076238536","https://openalex.org/W2090820886","https://openalex.org/W2097727597"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Inverse":[0],"synthetic":[1],"aperture":[2],"radar":[3],"(ISAR)":[4],"is":[5,28,46,108,131,159,172],"an":[6,22,100,153],"effective":[7],"detection":[8],"method":[9],"for":[10,13,40,48],"targets.":[11],"However,":[12,73],"the":[14,17,26,41,57,74,79,86,95,112,135,139,144,150,164,169,175,193,201,205,209],"maneuvering":[15],"targets,":[16],"Doppler":[18],"frequency":[19],"induced":[20],"by":[21,142],"arbitrary":[23],"scatterer":[24],"on":[25,34,56],"target":[27,58],"time-varying,":[29],"which":[30,118],"will":[31],"cause":[32],"defocus":[33,115],"ISAR":[35,122],"images,":[36],"and":[37,91,148,177,180,208,222],"bring":[38],"difficulties":[39],"further":[42],"recognition":[43],"process.":[44],"It":[45],"hard":[47],"traditional":[49],"methods":[50,216],"to":[51,110,116,133,162,204],"well":[52],"refocus":[53],"all":[54],"positions":[55],"well.":[59],"In":[60],"recent":[61],"years,":[62],"generative":[63],"adversarial":[64],"networks":[65],"(GAN)":[66],"achieves":[67],"great":[68],"success":[69],"in":[70,85,217],"image":[71],"translation.":[72],"current":[75],"refocusing":[76,102,166,194,218],"models":[77],"ignore":[78],"information":[80],"of":[81,94,146,188,211],"high-order":[82],"terms":[83],"containing":[84],"relationship":[87,137],"between":[88,138],"real":[89,178],"parts":[90,93,141],"imaginary":[92],"data.":[96],"To":[97],"this":[98],"end,":[99],"end-to-end":[101],"network,":[103],"named":[104],"Complex-valued":[105],"Pix2pixHD":[106],"(CVPHD)":[107],"proposed":[109,170],"learn":[111],"mapping":[113],"from":[114],"focus,":[117],"utilizes":[119],"complex-valued":[120,127],"(CV)":[121],"images":[123],"as":[124],"input.":[125],"A":[126],"instance":[128],"normalization":[129],"layer":[130],"applied":[132],"mine":[134],"deep":[136],"complex":[140],"calculating":[143],"covariance":[145],"them":[147],"accelerate":[149],"training.":[151],"Subsequently,":[152],"innovative":[154],"adaptively":[155],"weighted":[156],"loss":[157],"function":[158],"put":[160],"forward":[161],"improve":[163],"overall":[165],"effect.":[167],"Finally,":[168],"CVPHD":[171,212],"tested":[173],"with":[174],"simulated":[176],"dataset,":[179],"both":[181],"can":[182,196],"get":[183],"well-refocused":[184],"results.":[185],"The":[186],"results":[187],"comparative":[189],"experiments":[190],"show":[191],"that":[192],"error":[195],"be":[197],"reduced":[198],"if":[199],"extending":[200],"pix2pixHD":[202],"network":[203],"CV":[206],"domain":[207],"performance":[210],"surpasses":[213],"other":[214],"autofocus":[215],"effects.":[219],"1The":[220],"code":[221],"dataset":[223],"have":[224],"been":[225],"available":[226],"online":[227],"(https://github.com/yhx-hit/CVPHD).":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}