{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4290994971","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2022.3198439","title":"A Study of Automatic Recognition and Localization of Pipeline for Ground Penetrating Radar Based on Deep Learning","display_name":"A Study of Automatic Recognition and Localization of Pipeline for Ground Penetrating Radar Based on Deep Learning","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4290994971","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2022.3198439"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2022.3198439","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2022.3198439","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002454612","display_name":"Haobang Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7280-7442"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haobang Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7280-7442","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077595178","display_name":"Hongyuan Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5827-7158"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongyuan Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059213662","display_name":"Niannian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4879-6936"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Niannian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100697642","display_name":"Hai Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4494-1075"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37987034","display_name":"Guangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar8rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hai Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4494-1075","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036663756","display_name":"Jianwei Lei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1066-2302"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianwei Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1066-2302","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066913695","display_name":"Duo Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5453-3652"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Duo Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5453-3652","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038916831","display_name":"Jiaxiu Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5732-5944"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaxiu Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5732-5944","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Water Conservancy Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7857,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90443139,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12233","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Underground Structures","score":0.9861999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.977400004863739,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.778840184211731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7538961172103882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-penetrating-radar","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","score":0.6872939467430115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.6647211909294128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.6366540789604187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline-transport","display_name":"Pipeline transport","score":0.617816686630249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyramid","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","score":0.5921899080276489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.557655930519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-target-recognition","display_name":"Automatic target recognition","score":0.557415246963501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.499225378036499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.49741461873054504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4282096028327942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.42614808678627014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.41307711601257324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.218526691198349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13091138005256653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07617667317390442}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.778840184211731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7538961172103882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71813955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503560","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","level":3,"score":0.6872939467430115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.6647211909294128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.6366540789604187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175309249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725864","display_name":"Pipeline transport","level":2,"score":0.617816686630249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142575187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3358290","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5921899080276489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.557655930519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117623542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621974","display_name":"Automatic target recognition","level":3,"score":0.557415246963501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.499225378036499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.49741461873054504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4282096028327942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.42614808678627014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.41307711601257324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.218526691198349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13091138005256653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07617667317390442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2022.3198439","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2022.3198439","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2530875584","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52108289","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5722002279","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021T140620","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335443","funder_display_name":"Postdoctoral Research Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5889791929","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020M672276","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335443","funder_display_name":"Postdoctoral Research Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5934314989","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1621323001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322766","funder_display_name":"Zhengzhou University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6652587622","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51978630","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322766","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335443","display_name":"Postdoctoral Research Foundation of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W301674672","https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1988944664","https://openalex.org/W1996387079","https://openalex.org/W2001642682","https://openalex.org/W2057758757","https://openalex.org/W2102566310","https://openalex.org/W2151786856","https://openalex.org/W2518909974","https://openalex.org/W2741056591","https://openalex.org/W2790327408","https://openalex.org/W2930722033","https://openalex.org/W2963249133","https://openalex.org/W2979175803","https://openalex.org/W3012140695","https://openalex.org/W3028147364","https://openalex.org/W3156825683","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6777822163"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2321891161","https://openalex.org/W4380433113","https://openalex.org/W4386072068","https://openalex.org/W252339960","https://openalex.org/W2390529043","https://openalex.org/W2378320433","https://openalex.org/W2358343511","https://openalex.org/W2051877971","https://openalex.org/W1970117064","https://openalex.org/W1787170397"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"letter":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,74],"method":[4,141],"based":[5,40,79],"on":[6,41,80,99],"deep":[7],"learning":[8],"for":[9,148],"the":[10,19,50,58,65,85,91,105,110,117,126,139,149],"automatic":[11,26],"recognition":[12,27,81,150],"and":[13,38,57,87,107,125,146,151],"localization":[14,118,152],"of":[15,34,90,109,116,153],"underground":[16,154],"pipelines":[17],"using":[18,71],"ground":[20],"penetrating":[21],"radar":[22],"(GPR).":[23],"Firstly,":[24],"an":[25,30],"model":[28,76],"with":[29],"average":[31,127],"precision":[32],"(AP)":[33],"0.9256":[35],"is":[36,47,61,77,120,130,136,142],"proposed":[37,140],"trained":[39],"Faster":[42],"R-CNN.":[43],"The":[44,113],"feature":[45],"extraction":[46],"optimized":[48],"by":[49],"Attention-guided":[51],"Context":[52],"Feature":[53],"Pyramid":[54],"Network":[55],"(ACFPN),":[56],"cascade":[59],"structure":[60],"used":[62],"to":[63,83,103],"improve":[64],"detection":[66],"frame":[67],"regression":[68],"accuracy.":[69],"Moreover,":[70],"Tesseract":[72],"OCR,":[73],"positioning":[75],"developed":[78,111],"results":[82],"obtain":[84],"burial":[86],"horizontal":[88],"position":[89],"pipeline.":[92],"Furthermore,":[93],"on-site":[94],"experiments":[95],"were":[96],"carried":[97],"out":[98],"real":[100],"embedded":[101],"pipes":[102],"verify":[104],"feasibility":[106],"effectiveness":[108],"method.":[112],"absolute":[114],"error":[115,128],"data":[119],"lower":[121],"than":[122,132],"11":[123],"cm,":[124],"ratio":[129],"smaller":[131],"12%.":[133],"Consequently,":[134],"it":[135],"demonstrated":[137],"that":[138],"considerably":[143],"automatic,":[144],"efficient,":[145],"reliable":[147],"pipelines.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-12T21:12:35.861297","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
