{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285165485","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2022.3176287","title":"Development of a MIMO VHF Radar for the Search of the Oldest Ice in Antarctica","display_name":"Development of a MIMO VHF Radar for the Search of the Oldest Ice in Antarctica","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285165485","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2022.3176287"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2022.3176287","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2022.3176287","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100343208","display_name":"Linfeng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9640-2359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17301866","display_name":"University of Alabama","ror":"https://ror.org/03xrrjk67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17301866"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"L. Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17301866"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057181807","display_name":"Shashank Wattal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4934-785X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17301866","display_name":"University of Alabama","ror":"https://ror.org/03xrrjk67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17301866"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Wattal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17301866"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019504060","display_name":"J. Nunn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0388-6479"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17301866","display_name":"University of Alabama","ror":"https://ror.org/03xrrjk67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17301866"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Nunn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17301866"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071801848","display_name":"John Paden","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0775-6284"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146416000","display_name":"University of Kansas","ror":"https://ror.org/001tmjg57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146416000"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Paden","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146416000"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111317389","display_name":"J.-B. Yan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17301866","display_name":"University of Alabama","ror":"https://ror.org/03xrrjk67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17301866"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.-B. Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17301866"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100343208"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17301866"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4061,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58353132,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11459","display_name":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6665771007537842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chirp","display_name":"Chirp","score":0.6420932412147522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5853543877601624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.5179542303085327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.499786376953125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phased-array","display_name":"Phased array","score":0.47049450874328613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-wave-radar","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","score":0.467495322227478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-engineering-details","display_name":"Radar engineering details","score":0.45002371072769165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.43278712034225464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.39337432384490967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.3775677978992462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.28668737411499023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.2563595771789551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.24793216586112976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.09889337420463562}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6665771007537842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132794960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27304","display_name":"Chirp","level":3,"score":0.6420932412147522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5853543877601624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.5179542303085327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.499786376953125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55494473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727898","display_name":"Phased array","level":3,"score":0.47049450874328613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59584813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029234","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","level":4,"score":0.467495322227478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134406370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832005","display_name":"Radar engineering details","level":4,"score":0.45002371072769165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.43278712034225464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39337432384490967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.3775677978992462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.28668737411499023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2563595771789551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.24793216586112976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.09889337420463562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2022.3176287","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2022.3176287","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966864230","https://openalex.org/W1984767105","https://openalex.org/W2076530901","https://openalex.org/W2098737627","https://openalex.org/W2150303148","https://openalex.org/W2163166912","https://openalex.org/W2168513163","https://openalex.org/W2584494395","https://openalex.org/W2592168624","https://openalex.org/W2804995700","https://openalex.org/W2891711448","https://openalex.org/W2982438197","https://openalex.org/W3023320905","https://openalex.org/W3123654823","https://openalex.org/W6732871528"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2366610969","https://openalex.org/W1989868041","https://openalex.org/W4285814362","https://openalex.org/W4296425733","https://openalex.org/W2892233029","https://openalex.org/W4352982730","https://openalex.org/W604796468","https://openalex.org/W2103897432","https://openalex.org/W2027415419","https://openalex.org/W3185046528"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"chirped-pulse":[1],"radar":[2,24,76,96],"ice-sounder,":[3],"operating":[4],"at":[5],"VHF":[6],"band,":[7],"was":[8],"developed":[9],"in":[10,19],"2019":[11],"for":[12],"the":[13,16,54,72,75,95],"search":[14],"of":[15,34,49,89],"\u201coldest":[17],"ice\u201d":[18],"East":[20],"Antarctica.":[21],"This":[22],"ground-penetrating":[23],"system":[25],"has":[26,86],"a":[27,32,40,46,59,62,87],"multiple-in-multiple-out":[28],"(MIMO)":[29],"configuration":[30],"with":[31,45,57,79],"total":[33],"8":[35,90],"channels.":[36],"Each":[37],"transmitter":[38],"generates":[39],"170-230":[41],"MHz":[42],"chirp":[43],"signal":[44],"peak":[47],"power":[48],"1":[50],"kW.":[51],"To":[52,70],"support":[53],"half-duplex":[55],"operation":[56],"such":[58],"high":[60],"power,":[61],"customized":[63],"T/R":[64,100],"switch":[65,101],"is":[66,77],"designed":[67],"and":[68,106],"developed.":[69],"increase":[71],"power-aperture":[73],"product,":[74],"equipped":[78],"an":[80],"8-element":[81],"linear":[82],"antenna":[83,103],"array,":[84],"which":[85],"length":[88],"m.":[91],"In":[92],"this":[93],"paper,":[94],"hardware":[97],"architecture,":[98],"high-power":[99],"design,":[102],"array":[104],"design":[105],"sample":[107],"field":[108],"measurement":[109],"results":[110],"from":[111],"Dome":[112],"C":[113],"Antarctica":[114],"are":[115],"presented.":[116]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
