{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3205297815","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2021.3120431","title":"Fusion of All-Weather Land Surface Temperature From AMSR-E and MODIS Data Using Random Forest Regression","display_name":"Fusion of All-Weather Land Surface Temperature From AMSR-E and MODIS Data Using Random Forest Regression","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3205297815","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2021.3120431","mag":"3205297815"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2021.3120431","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2021.3120431","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100406678","display_name":"Quan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4076-7842"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37802460","display_name":"Northwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/00z3td547","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity and College of Urban and Environmental Science, Institute of Earth Surface System and Hazards, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an, China","Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity and College of Urban and Environmental Science, Institute of Earth Surface System and Hazards, Northwest University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4076-7842","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity and College of Urban and Environmental Science, Institute of Earth Surface System and Hazards, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity and College of Urban and Environmental Science, Institute of Earth Surface System and Hazards, Northwest University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023190435","display_name":"Jie Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7620-4507"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7620-4507","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941","https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084436653","display_name":"Ninglian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3612-1141"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37802460","display_name":"Northwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/00z3td547","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144025","display_name":"Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/052acn261","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210141476","https://openalex.org/I4210144025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ninglian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, China","Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity and College of Urban and Environmental Science, Institute of Earth Surface System and Hazards, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an, China","Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity and College of Urban and Environmental Science, Institute of Earth Surface System and Hazards, Northwest University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3612-1141","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144025"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity and College of Urban and Environmental Science, Institute of Earth Surface System and Hazards, Northwest University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity and College of Urban and Environmental Science, Institute of Earth Surface System and Hazards, Northwest University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9324,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69235446,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moderate-resolution-imaging-spectroradiometer","display_name":"Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer","score":0.7256001830101013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.7047363519668579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.588561475276947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/downscaling","display_name":"Downscaling","score":0.4892599284648895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.4780086278915405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.4398335814476013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitation","display_name":"Precipitation","score":0.16192898154258728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.16143229603767395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.13710910081863403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.12100070714950562}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777007095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676840","display_name":"Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer","level":3,"score":0.7256001830101013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7047363519668579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.588561475276947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41156917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682831","display_name":"Downscaling","level":3,"score":0.4892599284648895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.4780086278915405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.4398335814476013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.16192898154258728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.16143229603767395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.13710910081863403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.12100070714950562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2021.3120431","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2021.3120431","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7300000190734863,"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1220272685","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XDA20060201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","funder_display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1374660797","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XDA19070302","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","funder_display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G445360419","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42001293","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6158873568","display_name":"\u5927\u6c14\u9006\u6e29\u4e0b\u5730\u8868\u4e0b\u884c\u957f\u6ce2\u8f90\u5c04\u53cd\u6f14\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"42071308","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966928556","https://openalex.org/W1990330790","https://openalex.org/W1991868762","https://openalex.org/W2026337749","https://openalex.org/W2038461755","https://openalex.org/W2058778245","https://openalex.org/W2105583460","https://openalex.org/W2261059368","https://openalex.org/W2274823081","https://openalex.org/W2277176165","https://openalex.org/W2487770199","https://openalex.org/W2607336919","https://openalex.org/W2607627803","https://openalex.org/W2912020146","https://openalex.org/W2922208245","https://openalex.org/W2954254579","https://openalex.org/W2963085624","https://openalex.org/W2963939798","https://openalex.org/W3010443392","https://openalex.org/W3048411613","https://openalex.org/W3085038457","https://openalex.org/W3115112955","https://openalex.org/W4250801202"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2116416258","https://openalex.org/W2403269858","https://openalex.org/W2110721186","https://openalex.org/W2185517458","https://openalex.org/W2040472355","https://openalex.org/W2064580253","https://openalex.org/W3113031366","https://openalex.org/W2884591256","https://openalex.org/W2151161957","https://openalex.org/W2165345851"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"On":[0],"the":[1,31,43,62,68,75,94,100,113,138,144,149,175,180,191],"basis":[2],"of":[3,6,52,70,102,115,127,151,162,177,182,190],"preceding":[4],"study":[5],"microwave":[7],"(MW)":[8],"land":[9],"surface":[10],"temperature":[11],"(LST)":[12],"downscaling,":[13],"this":[14],"letter":[15],"proposed":[16],"an":[17],"all-weather":[18],"LST":[19,92,153,164],"fusion":[20],"method":[21,64,82,117,129,184,193],"based":[22],"on":[23],"random":[24],"forest":[25],"(RF)":[26],"and":[27,37,83,99,105,122,143,206],"evaluated":[28],"it":[29],"using":[30],"Moderate":[32],"Resolution":[33],"Imaging":[34],"Spectroradiometer":[35],"(MODIS)":[36],"Advanced":[38],"Microwave":[39],"Scanning":[40],"Radiometer":[41],"for":[42,203],"Earth":[44],"Observing":[45],"System":[46],"(AMSR-E)":[47],"LSTs":[48,85],"in":[49,93,137,165],"four":[50],"areas":[51],"China":[53],"that":[54,61,161,189],"represent":[55],"different":[56,131,195],"landscapes.":[57],"The":[58],"results":[59],"show":[60],"RF":[63,116,183,200],"can":[65],"effectively":[66],"avoid":[67],"problem":[69],"oversmoothing":[71],"patterns":[72],"derived":[73],"by":[74,169],"widely":[76],"used":[77],"Bayesian":[78],"maximum":[79],"entropy":[80],"(BME)":[81],"obtained":[84],"more":[86,186],"consistent":[87,159],"with":[88,125,160],"reality.":[89],"Taking":[90,134],"MODIS":[91,163],"Yunnan\u2013Guizhou":[95],"Plateau":[96],"(YGP)":[97],"region":[98,109],"border":[101],"Shanxi":[103],"Province":[104,107],"Henan":[106],"(BSH)":[108],"as":[110,147],"a":[111],"reference,":[112],"accuracy":[114,150],"improved":[118],"up":[119],"to":[120,174],"13%":[121],"11%":[123],"compared":[124],"those":[126],"BME":[128,192],"under":[130,154,194],"cloud":[132,196],"proportions.":[133,197],"field":[135],"observations":[136],"Heihe":[139],"River":[140],"Basin":[141],"(HRB)":[142],"Naqu":[145],"area":[146],"references,":[148],"RF-derived":[152],"cloudy":[155],"conditions":[156],"is":[157,185,201],"basically":[158],"clear":[166],"sky,":[167],"differing":[168],"only":[170],"0.004\u20130.067":[171],"K.":[172],"Due":[173],"introduction":[176],"environmental":[178],"variables,":[179],"performance":[181],"stable":[187],"than":[188],"In":[198],"summary,":[199],"promising":[202],"fusing":[204],"MW":[205],"thermal":[207],"infrared":[208],"(TIR)":[209],"LSTs.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
