{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3206204913","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2021.3120125","title":"Classification of Medicinal Plants <i>Astragalus Mongholicus</i> Bunge and <i>Sophora Flavescens</i> Aiton Using GaoFen-6 and Multitemporal Sentinel-2 Data","display_name":"Classification of Medicinal Plants <i>Astragalus Mongholicus</i> Bunge and <i>Sophora Flavescens</i> Aiton Using GaoFen-6 and Multitemporal Sentinel-2 Data","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3206204913","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2021.3120125","mag":"3206204913"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2021.3120125","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2021.3120125","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100358604","display_name":"Congcong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8268-5901"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160794","display_name":"Baotou Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/04t44qh67","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160794"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Congcong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160794"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104005182","display_name":"Xiaobo Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8357-5493"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200296433","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/02drdmm93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200296433"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaobo Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200296433"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025494407","display_name":"Tingting Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8303-5919"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200296433","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/02drdmm93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200296433"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tingting Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200296433"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100633257","display_name":"Chunhong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1210-622X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160794","display_name":"Baotou Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/04t44qh67","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160794"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunhong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160794"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100675642","display_name":"Minhui Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5366-8464"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164329","display_name":"Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/05bxbrn63","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164329"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160794","display_name":"Baotou Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/04t44qh67","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160794"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minhui Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China","Inner Mongolia Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160794"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inner Mongolia Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164329"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100358604"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160794"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10892385,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sophora-flavescens","display_name":"Sophora flavescens","score":0.8788415193557739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3981097936630249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3889421224594116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.32456082105636597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.16089695692062378}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778484605","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q911666","display_name":"Sophora flavescens","level":3,"score":0.8788415193557739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3981097936630249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3889421224594116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.32456082105636597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.16089695692062378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776545273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6787831","display_name":"Matrine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2021.3120125","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2021.3120125","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.699999988079071}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2796399380","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"M1942003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2734780326","https://openalex.org/W2807297025","https://openalex.org/W2886775386","https://openalex.org/W2904960146","https://openalex.org/W2998998031","https://openalex.org/W2999439435","https://openalex.org/W3003839499","https://openalex.org/W3026756829","https://openalex.org/W3027613573","https://openalex.org/W6777643507","https://openalex.org/W6777926835"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2362638014","https://openalex.org/W2361895509","https://openalex.org/W2405381284","https://openalex.org/W2394241920","https://openalex.org/W2393848575","https://openalex.org/W2372534428","https://openalex.org/W2158485785","https://openalex.org/W2391078954","https://openalex.org/W2391820762"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"information":[1],"regarding":[2],"cultivated":[3],"areas":[4],"of":[5,28,107,171,183],"medicinal":[6,15,154],"plants":[7],"is":[8],"useful":[9],"for":[10,14,105,192],"taking":[11],"macro-level":[12],"decisions":[13],"plant":[16],"management":[17],"and":[18,26,35,44,90,121,141,167,173,186,198],"contingency":[19],"plans.":[20],"In":[21],"this":[22],"study,":[23],"the":[24,74,108,147,153,159,180],"capabilities":[25],"limitations":[27],"mapping":[29],"<italic":[30,36,111,116,122,193,199],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[31,37,112,117,123,194,200],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Astragalus":[32],"mongholicus</i>":[33,114,196],"Bunge":[34,197],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Sophora":[38],"flavescens</i>":[39,119,202],"Aiton":[40,203],"using":[41,158],"GaoFen-6":[42],"(GF-6)":[43],"multitemporal":[45,84],"Sentinel-2":[46],"(S-2)":[47],"data":[48,188],"were":[49,81,156,175,189],"assessed":[50],"through":[51],"a":[52,69,91,168],"case":[53],"study":[54],"in":[55,88],"Naiman":[56],"Banner,":[57],"Inner":[58],"Mongolia,":[59],"China.":[60],"First,":[61],"an":[62],"object-based":[63],"approach":[64],"was":[65,96,102,129,150],"used":[66],"to":[67,136,146],"produce":[68],"cropland":[70],"mask":[71],"based":[72],"on":[73],"GF-6":[75,185],"images.":[76],"Then,":[77],"different":[78],"spectral":[79],"indices":[80],"generated":[82],"from":[83],"S-2":[85,187],"imagery":[86],"acquired":[87],"2019,":[89],"temporal":[92],"phonological":[93],"pattern":[94],"analysis":[95],"conducted.":[97],"Subsequently,":[98],"optimal":[99],"feature":[100],"selection":[101,128],"carried":[103],"out":[104],"each":[106],"crops":[109,155],"(":[110],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">A.":[113,195],"Bunge,":[115],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">S.":[118,201],"Aiton,":[120],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Zea":[124],"mays</i>":[125],"L.).":[126],"The":[127],"performed":[130],"by":[131],"sorting":[132],"all":[133],"features":[134],"according":[135],"their":[137],"global":[138],"separability":[139],"index":[140],"removing":[142],"those":[143],"whose":[144],"contribution":[145],"model":[148],"accuracy":[149,166],"negligible.":[151],"Finally,":[152],"distinguished":[157],"random":[160],"forest":[161],"classification":[162],"algorithm.":[163],"An":[164],"overall":[165],"kappa":[169],"coefficient":[170],"94.51%":[172],"0.90":[174],"achieved,":[176],"respectively,":[177],"demonstrating":[178],"that":[179],"synergistic":[181],"use":[182],"time-series":[184],"more":[190],"suitable":[191],"mapping.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
