{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3193701485","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2021.3102597","title":"Combined Estimation of Ionospheric Effects in SAR Images Exploiting Faraday Rotation and Autofocus","display_name":"Combined Estimation of Ionospheric Effects in SAR Images Exploiting Faraday Rotation and Autofocus","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3193701485","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2021.3102597","mag":"3193701485"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2021.3102597","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2021.3102597","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091391514","display_name":"Valeria Gracheva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4727-2604"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Valeria Gracheva","raw_affiliation_strings":["SAR Technology Department, German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Microwaves and Radar Institute, Weßling, Germany","SAR Technology Department, German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Microwaves and Radar Institute, We\u00dfling, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SAR Technology Department, German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Microwaves and Radar Institute, Weßling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SAR Technology Department, German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Microwaves and Radar Institute, We\u00dfling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051641144","display_name":"Jun Su Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3316-6408"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Su Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Aerospace Center (DLR), Microwaves and Radar Institute, Weßling, Germany","German Aerospace Center (DLR), Microwaves and Radar Institute, We\u00dfling, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Aerospace Center (DLR), Microwaves and Radar Institute, Weßling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Aerospace Center (DLR), Microwaves and Radar Institute, We\u00dfling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091685846","display_name":"Pau Prats","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7583-2309"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pau Prats-Iraola","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Aerospace Center (DLR), Microwaves and Radar Institute, Weßling, Germany","German Aerospace Center (DLR), Microwaves and Radar Institute, We\u00dfling, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Aerospace Center (DLR), Microwaves and Radar Institute, Weßling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Aerospace Center (DLR), Microwaves and Radar Institute, We\u00dfling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080643217","display_name":"Rolf Scheiber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6833-4897"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rolf Scheiber","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Aerospace Center (DLR), Microwaves and Radar Institute, Weßling, Germany","German Aerospace Center (DLR), Microwaves and Radar Institute, We\u00dfling, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Aerospace Center (DLR), Microwaves and Radar Institute, Weßling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Aerospace Center (DLR), Microwaves and Radar Institute, We\u00dfling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026715371","display_name":"Marc Rodr\u00edguez-Cassol\u00e0","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc Rodriguez-Cassola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Satellite SAR Systems Department, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Weßling, Germany","Satellite SAR Systems Department, German Aerospace Center (DLR), We\u00dfling, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Satellite SAR Systems Department, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Weßling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Satellite SAR Systems Department, German Aerospace Center (DLR), We\u00dfling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091391514"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.3356,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97495624,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autofocus","display_name":"Autofocus","score":0.8496384024620056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.7993630766868591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/faraday-effect","display_name":"Faraday effect","score":0.6332651972770691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionosphere","display_name":"Ionosphere","score":0.6190175414085388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6086772084236145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5526948571205139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotation","display_name":"Rotation (mathematics)","score":0.5121936202049255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse-synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Inverse synthetic aperture radar","score":0.4662104547023773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.4658074975013733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-target","display_name":"Point target","score":0.42582929134368896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3693554997444153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.3662113845348358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.32530200481414795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.24437165260314941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.20001861453056335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1170387864112854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08997374773025513}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103764139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210008","display_name":"Autofocus","level":3,"score":0.8496384024620056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.7993630766868591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207230154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848501","display_name":"Faraday effect","level":3,"score":0.6332651972770691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116403925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162219","display_name":"Ionosphere","level":2,"score":0.6190175414085388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6086772084236145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5526948571205139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74050887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848368","display_name":"Rotation (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5121936202049255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109094680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6060432","display_name":"Inverse synthetic aperture radar","level":4,"score":0.4662104547023773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.4658074975013733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778999744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208292","display_name":"Point target","level":3,"score":0.42582929134368896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3693554997444153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.3662113845348358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32530200481414795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.24437165260314941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.20001861453056335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1170387864112854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08997374773025513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2021.3102597","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2021.3102597","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:elib.dlr.de:146380","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2021.3102597>.","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196266","display_name":"elib (German Aerospace Center)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","host_organization_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.6600000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1509682307","https://openalex.org/W1979213074","https://openalex.org/W1987602844","https://openalex.org/W1988850019","https://openalex.org/W2020002460","https://openalex.org/W2024714333","https://openalex.org/W2048749376","https://openalex.org/W2057685718","https://openalex.org/W2060954390","https://openalex.org/W2076753192","https://openalex.org/W2122152426","https://openalex.org/W2140243172","https://openalex.org/W2146701114","https://openalex.org/W2487183854","https://openalex.org/W2501210789","https://openalex.org/W2761506600","https://openalex.org/W2995722939","https://openalex.org/W6731908804","https://openalex.org/W6747866115"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1573254389","https://openalex.org/W1891451863","https://openalex.org/W2735068163","https://openalex.org/W2107730478","https://openalex.org/W2153731056","https://openalex.org/W2745287773","https://openalex.org/W2378149746","https://openalex.org/W2108574463","https://openalex.org/W3034566233","https://openalex.org/W2140944036"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"At":[0],"lower":[1],"frequencies,":[2],"synthetic":[3],"aperture":[4],"radar":[5],"(SAR)":[6],"images":[7,27],"can":[8],"be":[9],"significantly":[10],"affected":[11],"by":[12,28,37,58],"ionospheric":[13,22,62],"scintillations.":[14],"This":[15,42,54],"letter":[16],"proposes":[17],"an":[18],"approach":[19,44],"to":[20,49,73],"estimate":[21],"artifacts":[23],"in":[24],"single":[25],"SAR":[26],"combining":[29],"Faraday":[30],"rotation":[31],"(FR)":[32],"estimates":[33],"and":[34,69],"autofocus":[35],"methods":[36],"using":[38,50],"a":[39],"Wiener":[40],"filter.":[41],"novel":[43],"achieves":[45],"superior":[46],"performance":[47],"compared":[48],"these":[51],"techniques":[52],"independently.":[53],"improvement":[55],"is":[56],"demonstrated":[57],"injecting":[59],"randomly":[60],"simulated":[61,66],"phase":[63],"screens":[64],"into":[65],"point":[67],"targets":[68],"airborne":[70],"data":[71],"adjusted":[72],"the":[74,77],"parameters":[75],"of":[76],"Biomass":[78],"system.":[79]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}