{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3184935674","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2021.3094165","title":"UAV-Borne FMCW InSAR for Focusing Buried Objects","display_name":"UAV-Borne FMCW InSAR for Focusing Buried Objects","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3184935674","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2021.3094165","mag":"3184935674"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2021.3094165","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2021.3094165","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007137639","display_name":"Ralf Burr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5035-8882"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163522","display_name":"Technische Hochschule Ulm","ror":"https://ror.org/05e5kd476","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163522"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ralf Burr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Microtechnology, Ulm University of Applied Sciences, Ulm, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5035-8882","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Microtechnology, Ulm University of Applied Sciences, Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163522"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036469548","display_name":"Markus Schartel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8122-6778"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799978770","display_name":"X-Fab (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/030bh9196","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799978770"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096524","display_name":"Endress Hauser Messtechnik (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ksbcg70","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096524"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markus Schartel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Endress&#x002B;Hauser SE&#x002B;Co. KG, Maulburg, Germany","Endress+Hauser SE+Co. KG, Maulburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8122-6778","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Endress&#x002B;Hauser SE&#x002B;Co. KG, Maulburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799978770"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Endress+Hauser SE+Co. KG, Maulburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096524"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023426752","display_name":"Alexander Grathwohl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5892-4017"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Grathwohl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microwave Engineering, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5892-4017","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microwave Engineering, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065668960","display_name":"Winfried Mayer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4055-4756"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799978770","display_name":"X-Fab (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/030bh9196","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799978770"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096524","display_name":"Endress Hauser Messtechnik (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ksbcg70","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096524"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Winfried Mayer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Endress&#x002B;Hauser SE&#x002B;Co. KG, Maulburg, Germany","Endress+Hauser SE+Co. KG, Maulburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Endress&#x002B;Hauser SE&#x002B;Co. KG, Maulburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799978770"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Endress+Hauser SE+Co. KG, Maulburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096524"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101552699","display_name":"Thomas Walter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2266-5519"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163522","display_name":"Technische Hochschule Ulm","ror":"https://ror.org/05e5kd476","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163522"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Walter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Microtechnology, Ulm University of Applied Sciences, Ulm, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2266-5519","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Microtechnology, Ulm University of Applied Sciences, Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163522"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048233311","display_name":"Christian Waldschmidt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2090-6136"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Waldschmidt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microwave Engineering, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2090-6136","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microwave Engineering, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.2713,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97153978,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6773956418037415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.5992332100868225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.5793271660804749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferometric-synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar","score":0.5486876368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-elevation-model","display_name":"Digital elevation model","score":0.5442760586738586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-penetrating-radar","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","score":0.5205855965614319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5162065625190735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferometry","display_name":"Interferometry","score":0.5009591579437256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elevation","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","score":0.47704094648361206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-band","display_name":"Frequency band","score":0.45563948154449463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-wave","display_name":"Surface wave","score":0.4257453680038452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.355366051197052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.3349781334400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.2629414498806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.15121924877166748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10122069716453552}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6773956418037415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.5992332100868225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.5793271660804749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22286887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666056","display_name":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar","level":3,"score":0.5486876368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181843262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640492","display_name":"Digital elevation model","level":2,"score":0.5442760586738586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71813955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503560","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","level":3,"score":0.5205855965614319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5162065625190735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166689943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850283","display_name":"Interferometry","level":2,"score":0.5009591579437256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37054046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641888","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","level":2,"score":0.47704094648361206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778116611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25110567","display_name":"Frequency band","level":3,"score":0.45563948154449463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84174578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889796","display_name":"Surface wave","level":2,"score":0.4257453680038452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.355366051197052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3349781334400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2629414498806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.15121924877166748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10122069716453552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2021.3094165","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2021.3094165","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W183089734","https://openalex.org/W1861721071","https://openalex.org/W2054645095","https://openalex.org/W2061577342","https://openalex.org/W2076546844","https://openalex.org/W2742543783","https://openalex.org/W2778399878","https://openalex.org/W2888064822","https://openalex.org/W2888230498","https://openalex.org/W2891432132","https://openalex.org/W2940936402","https://openalex.org/W3000481168","https://openalex.org/W3016582956","https://openalex.org/W3149976863","https://openalex.org/W4231807776","https://openalex.org/W4394647623","https://openalex.org/W6632655663","https://openalex.org/W6731307368","https://openalex.org/W6776521258"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4315471419","https://openalex.org/W2946057701","https://openalex.org/W4386931161","https://openalex.org/W2375969670","https://openalex.org/W2382147371","https://openalex.org/W2044902118","https://openalex.org/W2544666549","https://openalex.org/W2357112104","https://openalex.org/W2093343221","https://openalex.org/W3145343289"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Antipersonnel":[0],"mines":[1,32],"are":[2,6,14,162,180],"hidden":[3],"weapons":[4],"that":[5,25,194],"usually":[7],"buried":[8,58,125],"close":[9],"to":[10,28,101,136,164],"the":[11,21,55,66,80,84,87,91,94,109,117,122,144,158,176,186,189,195,206],"surface":[12,110],"and":[13,52,65,70,98,120,205],"triggered":[15],"by":[16],"a":[17,34,75,113,130,166],"foot":[18],"step":[19],"of":[20,57,83,90,124,157,175,188,208],"victim.":[22],"A":[23],"sensor":[24],"is":[26,33,134,192,199,210],"able":[27],"detect":[29],"minimum":[30],"metal":[31],"ground":[35],"penetrating":[36],"synthetic":[37],"aperture":[38],"radar":[39,145],"(GPSAR).":[40],"In":[41,127,140],"previous":[42],"work,":[43],"an":[44],"unmanned":[45],"aerial":[46],"vehicle":[47],"(UAV)-based":[48],"GPSAR":[49,183,196],"was":[50,63,72],"developed":[51],"tested":[53],"for":[54,105,182],"detection":[56,123,209],"landmines.":[59],"The":[60,155,173],"real":[61],"topography":[62],"neglected":[64],"interface":[67,95],"between":[68,96],"air":[69,97],"soil":[71,85,99],"assumed":[73],"as":[74],"horizontal":[76],"plane":[77],"surface.":[78],"Since":[79],"dielectric":[81],"properties":[82],"reduce":[86],"propagation":[88],"velocity":[89],"electromagnetic":[92],"wave,":[93],"has":[100,112],"be":[102],"known":[103],"precisely":[104],"subsurface":[106],"focusing.":[107],"Neglecting":[108],"profile":[111],"negative":[114],"impact":[115],"on":[116,185,201],"image":[118,197],"quality":[119,198],"prevents":[121],"objects.":[126],"this":[128,138],"letter,":[129],"novel":[131],"two-step":[132],"procedure":[133],"used":[135,163,181],"overcome":[137],"issue.":[139],"time-division":[141],"multiplex":[142],"mode,":[143],"transmits":[146],"two":[147,151],"frequency-modulated":[148],"ramps":[149],"in":[150],"different":[152],"frequency":[153,160,178],"bands.":[154],"data":[156,174],"upper":[159],"band":[161,179],"generate":[165],"digital":[167],"elevation":[168],"model":[169],"(DEM)":[170],"through":[171],"interferometry.":[172],"lower":[177],"focusing":[184],"basis":[187],"DEM.":[190],"It":[191],"demonstrated":[193],"improved":[200],"nonideal":[202],"planar":[203],"surfaces":[204],"probability":[207],"increased.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-19T19:40:27.379048","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
