{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3164243613","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2021.3078784","title":"Wideband Microwave Calibration Target Design for Improved Directional Brightness Temperature Radiation","display_name":"Wideband Microwave Calibration Target Design for Improved Directional Brightness Temperature Radiation","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3164243613","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2021.3078784","mag":"3164243613"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2021.3078784","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2021.3078784","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064599381","display_name":"Ming Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1977-8029"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75390827","display_name":"Beijing University of Chemical Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00df5yc52","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75390827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ming Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75390827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026873252","display_name":"Ruili Yuan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75390827","display_name":"Beijing University of Chemical Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00df5yc52","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75390827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruili Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75390827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050372992","display_name":"Xiang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5894-3429"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75390827","display_name":"Beijing University of Chemical Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00df5yc52","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75390827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75390827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101480988","display_name":"Tao Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9171-0671"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Tao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Physics, Lanzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Physics, Lanzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015935509","display_name":"Qingsong Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9930-8499"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingsong Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Physics, Lanzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Physics, Lanzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042080482","display_name":"Ming Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4823-6894"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064599381"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75390827"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5166,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82216393,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wideband","display_name":"Wideband","score":0.7540873885154724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.6800163984298706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave","display_name":"Microwave","score":0.653030514717102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brightness","display_name":"Brightness","score":0.6516218185424805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coating","display_name":"Coating","score":0.6061075925827026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brightness-temperature","display_name":"Brightness temperature","score":0.6035124659538269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5319737792015076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.5204420685768127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave-imaging","display_name":"Microwave imaging","score":0.4635756313800812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-measurement","display_name":"Temperature measurement","score":0.46066752076148987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation","display_name":"Radiation","score":0.4581730365753174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emissivity","display_name":"Emissivity","score":0.4518621861934662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.38929006457328796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.33911895751953125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.21596181392669678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14889201521873474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.06719118356704712}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780202535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4524457","display_name":"Wideband","level":2,"score":0.7540873885154724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.6800163984298706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.653030514717102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125245961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221656","display_name":"Brightness","level":2,"score":0.6516218185424805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781448156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1570182","display_name":"Coating","level":2,"score":0.6061075925827026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53802167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4538627","display_name":"Brightness temperature","level":3,"score":0.6035124659538269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5319737792015076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5204420685768127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779885931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17010029","display_name":"Microwave imaging","level":3,"score":0.4635756313800812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72293138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909741","display_name":"Temperature measurement","level":2,"score":0.46066752076148987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153385146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18335","display_name":"Radiation","level":2,"score":0.4581730365753174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163651212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899670","display_name":"Emissivity","level":2,"score":0.4518621861934662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38929006457328796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.33911895751953125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.21596181392669678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14889201521873474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.06719118356704712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2021.3078784","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2021.3078784","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8199999928474426}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3164940657","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61701496","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3255553272","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61671032","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4221164648","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"buctrc201931","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2144863915","https://openalex.org/W2156463690","https://openalex.org/W2290148994","https://openalex.org/W2618268810","https://openalex.org/W2737546136","https://openalex.org/W2751390510","https://openalex.org/W2766465947","https://openalex.org/W2766575270","https://openalex.org/W2884345968","https://openalex.org/W2947402206","https://openalex.org/W4387013639"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2068804904","https://openalex.org/W2080140811","https://openalex.org/W2117901565","https://openalex.org/W2086097481","https://openalex.org/W2088565663","https://openalex.org/W2042797634","https://openalex.org/W2028405691","https://openalex.org/W2104114345","https://openalex.org/W2804745001","https://openalex.org/W2056321665"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"letter,":[2],"the":[3,8,16,20,24,27,31,36,40,45,61,67,86,106,110,115,120],"recent":[4],"progress":[5],"in":[6,43,81,97],"optimizing":[7],"microwave":[9],"calibration":[10],"target":[11,25],"is":[12,69,89],"reported.":[13],"Based":[14],"on":[15,19],"former":[17],"findings":[18],"wideband":[21,75],"reflectivity":[22],"of":[23,47,85,93,99,119],"and":[26,49,63,71],"analysis":[28],"model":[29],"for":[30,73,129],"directionally":[32],"radiated":[33],"brightness":[34,107],"temperature,":[35],"authors":[37],"further":[38,79],"investigate":[39],"comprehensive":[41],"optimization":[42],"both":[44],"aspects":[46],"electromagnetic":[48],"thermal":[50],"properties.":[51],"Specifically,":[52],"a":[53,57,126],"design":[54,88],"instance":[55],"with":[56],"thinner":[58],"coating":[59,65],"at":[60,66],"tip":[62],"thicker":[64],"bottom":[68],"concluded":[70],"optimized":[72],"stable":[74],"performance,":[76],"without":[77],"introducing":[78],"difficulties":[80],"manufacturing.":[82],"The":[83],"performance":[84,118],"new":[87,121],"compared":[90],"to":[91],"that":[92],"traditional":[94],"uniform":[95],"coating,":[96],"terms":[98],"total":[100],"reflectivity,":[101],"temperature":[102,108],"gradient,":[103],"and,":[104],"finally,":[105],"toward":[109],"normal":[111],"direction.":[112],"Results":[113],"show":[114],"comprehensively":[116],"improved":[117],"design,":[122],"which":[123],"can":[124],"be":[125],"good":[127],"reference":[128],"practical":[130],"applications.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-14T08:43:22.919905","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}