{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3151168706","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2021.3069799","title":"Contrastive Self-Supervised Learning With Smoothed Representation for Remote Sensing","display_name":"Contrastive Self-Supervised Learning With Smoothed Representation for Remote Sensing","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3151168706","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2021.3069799","mag":"3151168706"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2021.3069799","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2021.3069799","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064276223","display_name":"Heechul Jung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3005-2560"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31419693","display_name":"Kyungpook National University","ror":"https://ror.org/040c17130","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heechul Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Artificial Intelligence, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3005-2560","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042102733","display_name":"Yoonju Oh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4793-8851"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31419693","display_name":"Kyungpook National University","ror":"https://ror.org/040c17130","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoonju Oh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Artificial Intelligence, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4793-8851","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103071480","display_name":"Seongho Jeong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7242-8837"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31419693","display_name":"Kyungpook National University","ror":"https://ror.org/040c17130","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seongho Jeong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Artificial Intelligence, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7242-8837","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085035593","display_name":"Chaehyeon Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3780-3870"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31419693","display_name":"Kyungpook National University","ror":"https://ror.org/040c17130","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaehyeon Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Artificial Intelligence, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3780-3870","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31419693"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012574410","display_name":"Taegyun Jeon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8320-9050"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taegyun Jeon","raw_affiliation_strings":["SIA, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8320-9050","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SIA, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.2762,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":78,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96715868,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9781000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7899697422981262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7061920166015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.6195908784866333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5538342595100403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5488267540931702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semi-supervised-learning","display_name":"Semi-supervised learning","score":0.5205720067024231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supervised-learning","display_name":"Supervised learning","score":0.5193365812301636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labeled-data","display_name":"Labeled data","score":0.4621698558330536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4476880729198456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4320526123046875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.41419708728790283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.14870503544807434}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7899697422981262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7061920166015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.6195908784866333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5538342595100403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5488267540931702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58973888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1041418","display_name":"Semi-supervised learning","level":2,"score":0.5205720067024231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136389625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334384","display_name":"Supervised learning","level":3,"score":0.5193365812301636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776145971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30673951","display_name":"Labeled data","level":2,"score":0.4621698558330536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4476880729198456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4320526123046875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.41419708728790283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.14870503544807434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2021.3069799","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2021.3069799","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321272","display_name":"Kyungpook National University","ror":"https://ror.org/040c17130"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W1980038761","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2592962403","https://openalex.org/W2604086375","https://openalex.org/W2883105896","https://openalex.org/W2889192935","https://openalex.org/W2900358019","https://openalex.org/W2904973712","https://openalex.org/W2914757358","https://openalex.org/W2964194231","https://openalex.org/W2964246847","https://openalex.org/W2981854972","https://openalex.org/W3005680577","https://openalex.org/W3009561768","https://openalex.org/W3014060899","https://openalex.org/W3035524453","https://openalex.org/W3113299742","https://openalex.org/W3119784490","https://openalex.org/W4297670610","https://openalex.org/W6638667902","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6748130322","https://openalex.org/W6754683619","https://openalex.org/W6770717842","https://openalex.org/W6774314701","https://openalex.org/W6774670964"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4312414840","https://openalex.org/W2794908468","https://openalex.org/W4206276646","https://openalex.org/W2943467239","https://openalex.org/W1571801203","https://openalex.org/W101422005","https://openalex.org/W192740413","https://openalex.org/W3004135598","https://openalex.org/W2952937263","https://openalex.org/W2131153761"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,57],"remote":[1,38,50,61],"sensing,":[2,62],"numerous":[3],"unlabeled":[4,32],"images":[5,67,92,134],"are":[6,112],"continuously":[7],"accumulated":[8],"over":[9],"time,":[10],"and":[11,86,109,135,155,165],"it":[12,87],"is":[13,76,81,172],"difficult":[14],"to":[15,174],"annotate":[16],"all":[17],"the":[18,28,54,63,98,114,125,143,158,175,180],"data.":[19],"Therefore,":[20],"a":[21,69,94],"self-supervised":[22,44,58,116,148],"learning":[23,45,59,117,149],"technique":[24],"that":[25,66],"can":[26],"improve":[27],"recognition":[29],"rate":[30],"using":[31],"data":[33,160,167],"will":[34],"be":[35,73],"useful":[36],"for":[37,49,60],"sensing.":[39],"This":[40],"letter":[41],"presents":[42],"contrastive":[43],"with":[46],"smoothed":[47,140],"representation":[48],"sensing":[51],"based":[52,82],"on":[53,83],"SimCLR":[55],"framework.":[56],"well-known":[64],"characteristic":[65],"within":[68],"short":[70],"distance":[71],"might":[72],"semantically":[74],"similar":[75],"usually":[77],"used.":[78],"Our":[79],"algorithm":[80],"this":[84],"knowledge,":[85],"simultaneously":[88],"utilizes":[89],"several":[90],"neighboring":[91],"as":[93,105,152],"positive":[95],"pair":[96],"of":[97,124],"anchor":[99],"image,":[100,127],"unlike":[101],"existing":[102],"methods":[103],"such":[104,151],"Tile2Vec.":[106],"Furthermore,":[107],"MoCo":[108],"SimCLR,":[110,156],"which":[111],"among":[113],"state-of-the-art":[115,147],"approaches,":[118],"only":[119],"use":[120],"two":[121],"augmented":[122],"views":[123],"single-input":[126],"but":[128],"our":[129],"proposed":[130,144,170],"approach":[131,145,171],"uses":[132],"multiple-input":[133],"averages":[136],"their":[137],"representations":[138],"(e.g.,":[139],"representation).":[141],"Consequently,":[142],"outperforms":[146],"methods,":[150],"Tile2Vec,":[153],"MoCo,":[154],"in":[157,179],"cropland":[159],"layer":[161],"(CDL),":[162],"RESISC-45,":[163],"UCMerced,":[164],"EuroSAT":[166],"sets.":[168],"The":[169],"comparable":[173],"pretrained":[176],"ImageNet":[177],"model":[178],"CDL":[181],"classification":[182],"task.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-12-23T23:11:35.936235","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
