{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3118647853","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2020.3048199","title":"A Novel Spatiotemporal Saliency Method for Low-Altitude Slow Small Infrared Target Detection","display_name":"A Novel Spatiotemporal Saliency Method for Low-Altitude Slow Small Infrared Target Detection","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3118647853","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2020.3048199","mag":"3118647853"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2020.3048199","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2020.3048199","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034772830","display_name":"Dongdong Pang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2934-1840"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongdong Pang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Fractional Signals and Systems, School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2934-1840","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Fractional Signals and Systems, School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021225554","display_name":"Tao Shan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5351-2312"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Shan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Fractional Signals and Systems, School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5351-2312","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Fractional Signals and Systems, School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036390257","display_name":"Pengge Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7111-0547"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192868223","display_name":"Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01qjyzh50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192868223"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengge Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Intelligent Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Intelligent Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192868223"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100317994","display_name":"Wei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7015-7335"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Fractional Signals and Systems, School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7015-7335","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Fractional Signals and Systems, School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053773849","display_name":"Shengheng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6579-9798"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengheng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6579-9798","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067803447","display_name":"Ran Tao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5243-7189"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ran Tao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Fractional Signals and Systems, School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5243-7189","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Fractional Signals and Systems, School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":60.8531,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":78,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99817,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14257","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7366968393325806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7256672382354736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.626384437084198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.548774778842926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5410993695259094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-altitude","display_name":"Low altitude","score":0.5264638066291809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-alarm","display_name":"False alarm","score":0.4845932722091675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saliency-map","display_name":"Saliency map","score":0.46432939171791077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.451310932636261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.43599486351013184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3436785340309143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3356242775917053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/altitude","display_name":"Altitude (triangle)","score":0.3195156455039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1237565279006958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.08273527026176453}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7366968393325806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7256672382354736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.626384437084198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.548774778842926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5410993695259094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993172488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190200","display_name":"Low altitude","level":3,"score":0.5264638066291809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776836416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364844","display_name":"False alarm","level":2,"score":0.4845932722091675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779679900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25304431","display_name":"Saliency map","level":3,"score":0.46432939171791077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.451310932636261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.43599486351013184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3436785340309143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3356242775917053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6350597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339495","display_name":"Altitude (triangle)","level":2,"score":0.3195156455039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1237565279006958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.08273527026176453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2020.3048199","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2020.3048199","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4417359500","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1833203","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978993121","https://openalex.org/W2288886961","https://openalex.org/W2341998679","https://openalex.org/W2344310038","https://openalex.org/W2588370006","https://openalex.org/W2594017825","https://openalex.org/W2604768956","https://openalex.org/W2790021535","https://openalex.org/W2790555938","https://openalex.org/W2941473825","https://openalex.org/W2981068491","https://openalex.org/W2992263340","https://openalex.org/W3021020015","https://openalex.org/W3034092487"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2087911195","https://openalex.org/W2945563562","https://openalex.org/W2406921723","https://openalex.org/W2386865535","https://openalex.org/W2353302948","https://openalex.org/W2372292493","https://openalex.org/W1510008292","https://openalex.org/W4237620542","https://openalex.org/W2366663192","https://openalex.org/W2361714509"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,132],"effective":[1],"monitoring":[2],"of":[3,22,28],"low-altitude":[4,43,139],"slow":[5],"small":[6,33],"(LSS)":[7],"targets":[8,52,81],"represented":[9],"by":[10,111,126],"unmanned":[11],"aerial":[12],"vehicle":[13],"(UAV)":[14],"is":[15,45,109,124,135],"a":[16,73,127],"great":[17],"challenge":[18],"in":[19,24,82,97,137],"the":[20,29,42,105,113,122,147,156],"field":[21],"security":[23],"recent":[25],"years.":[26],"Most":[27],"existing":[30,157],"infrared":[31],"(IR)":[32],"target":[34,39,123],"algorithms":[35],"focus":[36],"on":[37],"high-altitude":[38],"detection.":[40],"However,":[41],"background":[44],"complex":[46],"and":[47,49,90,100,117],"changeable,":[48],"high-intensity":[50],"suspected":[51],"exist":[53],"widely.":[54],"Existing":[55],"methods":[56,159],"usually":[57],"cause":[58],"high":[59],"false":[60],"alarm":[61],"or":[62],"failure":[63],"detection":[64,153],"for":[65,78,160],"LSS":[66,79,161],"targets.":[67,162],"In":[68],"this":[69],"letter,":[70],"we":[71],"propose":[72],"novel":[74],"spatiotemporal":[75],"saliency":[76,88,93,107,115,119],"method":[77,134,149],"IR":[80,140],"image":[83,141],"sequences.":[84,142],"First,":[85],"spatial":[86,98,114],"variance":[87],"mapping":[89,94],"temporal":[91,101,118],"gray":[92],"are":[95],"calculated":[96],"domain":[99],"domain,":[102],"respectively.":[103],"Then,":[104],"fusion":[106],"map":[108,116],"obtained":[110],"fusing":[112],"map.":[120],"Finally,":[121],"extracted":[125],"simple":[128],"adaptive":[129],"threshold":[130],"segmentation.":[131],"proposed":[133,148],"verified":[136],"five":[138],"Experimental":[143],"results":[144],"demonstrate":[145],"that":[146],"can":[150],"achieve":[151],"better":[152],"performance":[154],"than":[155],"state-of-the-art":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T01:58:51.020947","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
