{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3107905215","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2020.3034960","title":"Distilling Knowledge From an Ensemble of Convolutional Neural Networks for Seismic Fault Detection","display_name":"Distilling Knowledge From an Ensemble of Convolutional Neural Networks for Seismic Fault Detection","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3107905215","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2020.3034960","mag":"3107905215"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2020.3034960","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2020.3034960","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100687845","display_name":"Zirui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5927-6322"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106994412","display_name":"Sinopec (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0161q6d74","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106994412"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zirui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi&#x2019","SINOPEC Key Laboratory of Geophysics, Nanjing, China","an, China","an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi&#x2019","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SINOPEC Key Laboratory of Geophysics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106994412"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100758169","display_name":"Bo Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5980-4861"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106994412","display_name":"Sinopec (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0161q6d74","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106994412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["SINOPEC Geophysical Research Institute, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SINOPEC Geophysical Research Institute, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106994412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000850153","display_name":"Naihao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2609-7408"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106994412","display_name":"Sinopec (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0161q6d74","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106994412"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naihao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi&#x2019","SINOPEC Key Laboratory of Geophysics, Nanjing, China","an, China","an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2609-7408","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi&#x2019","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SINOPEC Key Laboratory of Geophysics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106994412"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005327204","display_name":"Bangyu Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9998-9071"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106994412","display_name":"Sinopec (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0161q6d74","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106994412"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bangyu Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi&#x2019","an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019","an, China","SINOPEC Key Laboratory of Geophysics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9998-9071","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi&#x2019","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SINOPEC Key Laboratory of Geophysics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106994412"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064534354","display_name":"Xu Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1287-1623"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106994412","display_name":"Sinopec (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0161q6d74","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106994412"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","an, China","an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019","SINOPEC Key Laboratory of Geophysics, Nanjing, China","School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi&#x2019"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SINOPEC Key Laboratory of Geophysics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106994412"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi&#x2019","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.4242,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96725486,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10271","display_name":"Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10271","display_name":"Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13018","display_name":"Seismology and Earthquake Studies","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10892","display_name":"Drilling and Well Engineering","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.8166548013687134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7620573043823242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5600108504295349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5564249753952026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.5414815545082092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5118271708488464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5050612092018127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.48151978850364685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.46919864416122437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-detection-and-isolation","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","score":0.45844152569770813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.43125131726264954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3326219618320465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seismology","display_name":"Seismology","score":0.09741988778114319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.08377227187156677}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.8166548013687134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7620573043823242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5600108504295349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5564249753952026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.5414815545082092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5118271708488464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5050612092018127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.48151978850364685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.46919864416122437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152745839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438153","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","level":3,"score":0.45844152569770813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.43125131726264954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3326219618320465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.09741988778114319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.08377227187156677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2020.3034960","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2020.3034960","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2934040547","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016M600780","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3929414679","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BX201900279","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335768","funder_display_name":"National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G514878892","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41904102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6939695061","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019M653584","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8808957333","display_name":"\u5fae\u5730\u9707\u76d1\u6d4b\u590d\u6742\u7ed3\u6784\u504f\u79fb\u6210\u50cf\u4e0e\u901f\u5ea6\u5efa\u6a21\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"41974122","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335768","display_name":"National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1538131130","https://openalex.org/W1690586626","https://openalex.org/W1821462560","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1971797565","https://openalex.org/W2010275041","https://openalex.org/W2014758788","https://openalex.org/W2029081900","https://openalex.org/W2068840375","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2106921281","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2147800946","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2294370754","https://openalex.org/W2508418541","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2747909401","https://openalex.org/W2781854221","https://openalex.org/W2808760859","https://openalex.org/W2886991536","https://openalex.org/W2887057695","https://openalex.org/W2911424749","https://openalex.org/W2920582597","https://openalex.org/W2949117887","https://openalex.org/W2963787510","https://openalex.org/W2968134581","https://openalex.org/W2968516207","https://openalex.org/W2969184783","https://openalex.org/W3012353860","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6632100814","https://openalex.org/W6638523607"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293226380","https://openalex.org/W4375867731","https://openalex.org/W2611989081","https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W4312417841","https://openalex.org/W3193565141","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W3167935049","https://openalex.org/W3029198973","https://openalex.org/W4315434538"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fault":[0],"detection":[1,101],"is":[2,33,45,74,81,149,165,179],"a":[3,113,131,175],"crucial":[4],"task":[5],"in":[6,15,202],"seismic":[7,37,139,228],"structure":[8],"interpretation.":[9],"Convolutional":[10],"neural":[11],"network":[12,24,178],"(CNN)-based":[13],"methods,":[14],"general,":[16],"require":[17],"large":[18,107],"amount":[19],"of":[20,99,109,116,125,212],"labeled":[21,31],"data":[22,32,52,205,221],"for":[23,138],"training.":[25],"One":[26],"way":[27,73],"to":[28,34,47,66,75,95,129,135],"build":[29],"the":[30,50,54,60,78,97,104,186,198,203,208,213,219,224,236],"create":[35],"synthetic":[36,51,110,152,204],"images":[38],"with":[39,154,170,232],"corresponding":[40],"fault":[41,56,100,140,158,200,210,229],"labels.":[42,173],"However,":[43],"it":[44],"hard":[46],"ensure":[48],"that":[49,90,223],"have":[53],"same":[55],"feature":[57],"distributions":[58],"as":[59],"field":[61,117,168,215,220],"data,":[62],"which":[63,80],"may":[64],"lead":[65],"inaccurate":[67],"and":[68,83,112,160],"unreliable":[69],"prediction":[70],"results.":[71],"Another":[72],"manually":[76,171],"label":[77],"faults,":[79],"time-consuming":[82],"subjective.":[84],"In":[85,142],"this":[86],"letter,":[87],"we":[88],"propose":[89],"using":[91],"knowledge":[92,121],"distillation":[93],"(KD)":[94],"improve":[96],"performance":[98],"by":[102,184],"integrating":[103],"features":[105,211],"from":[106,122,188],"number":[108,115],"samples":[111,153,169,182],"small":[114],"samples.":[118],"We":[119],"distill":[120],"an":[123],"ensemble":[124],"two":[126,189],"teacher":[127,147,163,190,237],"CNNs":[128],"train":[130],"student":[132,177,193,225],"CNN":[133,148,164,194,226],"(applied":[134],"final":[136],"target)":[137],"detection.":[141],"our":[143],"work,":[144],"one":[145],"segmentation":[146],"trained":[150,166,180],"on":[151,167,181,218],"known":[155],"ground":[156],"truth":[157],"labels":[159],"another":[161],"classification":[162,176],"picked":[172],"Then,":[174],"generated":[183],"voting":[185],"results":[187],"models.":[191],"The":[192],"learns":[195],"not":[196],"only":[197],"general":[199],"characteristics":[201],"but":[206],"also":[207],"specific":[209],"target":[214],"data.":[216],"Test":[217],"shows":[222],"highlights":[227],"more":[230],"accurately":[231],"higher":[233],"resolution":[234],"than":[235],"CNNs.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}