{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3095092542","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2020.3031655","title":"Model-Free Characterization of SAR MTI Time Series","display_name":"Model-Free Characterization of SAR MTI Time Series","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3095092542","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2020.3031655","mag":"3095092542"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2020.3031655","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2020.3031655","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8859/9651998/09241016.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8859/9651998/09241016.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000794994","display_name":"Alberto Refice","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1895-5166"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125249","display_name":"Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell'Ambiente","ror":"https://ror.org/02wxw4x45","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125249","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alberto Refice","raw_affiliation_strings":["Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell&#x2019;Ambiente (CNR-IREA), Bari, Italy","Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell'Ambiente (CNR-IREA), Bari, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1895-5166","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell&#x2019;Ambiente (CNR-IREA), Bari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125249"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell'Ambiente (CNR-IREA), Bari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125249"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044740393","display_name":"G. Pasquariello","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-2058"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125249","display_name":"Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell'Ambiente","ror":"https://ror.org/02wxw4x45","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125249","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guido Pasquariello","raw_affiliation_strings":["Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell&#x2019;Ambiente (CNR-IREA), Bari, Italy","Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell'Ambiente (CNR-IREA), Bari, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-2058","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell&#x2019;Ambiente (CNR-IREA), Bari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125249"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell'Ambiente (CNR-IREA), Bari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125249"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089717620","display_name":"Fabio Bovenga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5602-9919"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125249","display_name":"Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell'Ambiente","ror":"https://ror.org/02wxw4x45","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125249","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabio Bovenga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell&#x2019;Ambiente (CNR-IREA), Bari, Italy","Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell'Ambiente (CNR-IREA), Bari, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5602-9919","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell&#x2019;Ambiente (CNR-IREA), Bari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125249"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell'Ambiente (CNR-IREA), Bari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125249"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.61,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64710338,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9718999862670898,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12050","display_name":"Optical Polarization and Ellipsometry","score":0.9563000202178955,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","score":0.5865734815597534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5315468311309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.505901038646698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.4709005653858185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.44902360439300537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.41389352083206177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36610472202301025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.19478285312652588}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.5865734815597534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5315468311309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.505901038646698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.4709005653858185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.44902360439300537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41389352083206177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36610472202301025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.19478285312652588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2020.3031655","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2020.3031655","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8859/9651998/09241016.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2020.3031655","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2020.3031655","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8859/9651998/09241016.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.699999988079071,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1010983861","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2014-2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322651","funder_display_name":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2484832597","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2014-2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321873","funder_display_name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2769325736","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"D.D. 2261 del 6.9.2018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321873","funder_display_name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3830554745","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"OT4CLIMA","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321873","funder_display_name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5634946813","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2014-2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321873","display_name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","ror":"https://ror.org/0166hxq48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322651","display_name":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326082","display_name":"Regione Puglia","ror":"https://ror.org/039k11f95"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3095092542.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3095092542.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1625895223","https://openalex.org/W1862394037","https://openalex.org/W1915548913","https://openalex.org/W1964578106","https://openalex.org/W1996094605","https://openalex.org/W2015804366","https://openalex.org/W2020598657","https://openalex.org/W2031377725","https://openalex.org/W2036839859","https://openalex.org/W2059851411","https://openalex.org/W2118183148","https://openalex.org/W2126542712","https://openalex.org/W2152657318","https://openalex.org/W2164104048","https://openalex.org/W2204693006","https://openalex.org/W2284849380","https://openalex.org/W2517851393","https://openalex.org/W2744351284","https://openalex.org/W2783463976","https://openalex.org/W2903813110","https://openalex.org/W2983952351","https://openalex.org/W3008808534","https://openalex.org/W4248273320","https://openalex.org/W6636573743","https://openalex.org/W6770880840","https://openalex.org/W6774649794"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W2073681303","https://openalex.org/W4255837520","https://openalex.org/W2387011115","https://openalex.org/W2544423928","https://openalex.org/W4234808182","https://openalex.org/W2053286651","https://openalex.org/W4255628145","https://openalex.org/W2382043075","https://openalex.org/W2809151339"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multitemporal":[0],"interferometric":[1],"synthetic":[2],"aperture":[3],"radar":[4],"(MTI)":[5],"displacement":[6,101],"time":[7,75,84,132],"series":[8,133],"are":[9,181],"usually":[10],"characterized":[11],"by":[12,118],"the":[13,50],"model-dependent":[14],"temporal":[15],"phase":[16],"coherence":[17],"as":[18,68,104,124,162],"a":[19,61,69,78,83,97,125,140,163,177],"quality":[20],"measure.":[21],"Additional":[22],"tests":[23],"have":[24,42],"to":[25,28,39,45,72,128,188],"be":[26,159],"performed":[27,161],"recognize":[29],"other":[30],"\u201cinteresting\u201d":[31],"but":[32],"nonmodeled":[33],"trends,":[34,116],"and":[35,156,173],"several":[36],"automated":[37],"approaches":[38],"this":[40,167],"task":[41],"been":[43],"proposed":[44],"date.":[46],"We":[47],"introduce":[48],"here":[49],"fuzzy":[51],"entropy":[52],"(":[53],"<inline-formula":[54,86,146],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[55,87,147],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[56,88,148],"<tex-math":[57,89,149],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$F_{E}$":[58,90,150],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[59,91,151],"),":[60],"measure":[62,79],"introduced":[63],"in":[64,82],"medical":[65],"data":[66,136,172,179],"analysis,":[67],"viable":[70],"parameter":[71,127],"characterize":[73],"MTI":[74,131],"series.":[76],"Being":[77],"of":[80,100,145],"disorder":[81],"series,":[85],"exhibits":[92],"homogeneously":[93],"low":[94,153],"values":[95],"for":[96,113],"large":[98,135],"class":[99],"models,":[102],"such":[103],"seasonal,":[105],"parabolic,":[106],"or":[107],"piecewise":[108],"linear":[109],"signals,":[110],"while":[111],"increasing":[112],"more":[114],"chaotic":[115],"dominated":[117],"noise.":[119],"It":[120],"appears":[121],"therefore":[122],"suited":[123],"discriminative":[126],"isolate":[129],"meaningful":[130],"within":[134],"sets,":[137],"without":[138],"specifying":[139],"predefined":[141],"model.":[142],"The":[143],"calculation":[144],"has":[152],"computational":[154],"cost":[155],"can":[157],"thus":[158],"easily":[160],"prescreening":[164],"filter.":[165],"In":[166],"letter,":[168],"results":[169],"over":[170],"simulated":[171],"some":[174],"examples":[175],"on":[176],"real":[178],"set":[180],"shown":[182],"with":[183],"interesting":[184],"performances":[185],"which":[186],"hint":[187],"possible":[189],"large-scale":[190],"implementations.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}