{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3095899511","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2020.3031397","title":"Automatic Building Boundary Extraction From Airborne LiDAR Data Robust to Density Variation","display_name":"Automatic Building Boundary Extraction From Airborne LiDAR Data Robust to Density Variation","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3095899511","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2020.3031397","mag":"3095899511"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2020.3031397","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2020.3031397","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11449/230181","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091168216","display_name":"Renato C\u00e9sar dos Santos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0263-312X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124356","display_name":"Hospital Regional de Presidente Prudente","ror":"https://ror.org/03xzqpb53","country_code":"BR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124356"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I879563668","display_name":"Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)","ror":"https://ror.org/00987cb86","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I879563668"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Renato C\u00e9sar dos Santos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cartography and Graduate Program on Cartographic Sciences (PPGCC), S&#x00E3;o Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente SP, Brazil","Department of Cartography and Graduate Program on Cartographic Sciences (PPGCC), S\u00e3o Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente SP, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0263-312X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cartography and Graduate Program on Cartographic Sciences (PPGCC), S&#x00E3;o Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente SP, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124356"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cartography and Graduate Program on Cartographic Sciences (PPGCC), S\u00e3o Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente SP, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I879563668"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080003861","display_name":"Guilherme Gomes Pessoa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3546-8706"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124356","display_name":"Hospital Regional de Presidente Prudente","ror":"https://ror.org/03xzqpb53","country_code":"BR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124356"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I879563668","display_name":"Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)","ror":"https://ror.org/00987cb86","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I879563668"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guilherme Gomes Pessoa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Program on Cartographic Sciences (PPGCC), S&#x00E3;o Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente SP, Brazil","Graduate Program on Cartographic Sciences (PPGCC), S\u00e3o Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente SP, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3546-8706","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Program on Cartographic Sciences (PPGCC), S&#x00E3;o Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente SP, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124356"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Program on Cartographic Sciences (PPGCC), S\u00e3o Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente SP, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I879563668"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029057280","display_name":"A. C. Carrilho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0489-2312"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124356","display_name":"Hospital Regional de Presidente Prudente","ror":"https://ror.org/03xzqpb53","country_code":"BR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124356"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I879563668","display_name":"Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)","ror":"https://ror.org/00987cb86","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I879563668"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andr\u00e9 Caceres Carrilho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Program on Cartographic Sciences (PPGCC), S&#x00E3;o Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente SP, Brazil","Graduate Program on Cartographic Sciences (PPGCC), S\u00e3o Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente SP, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0489-2312","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Program on Cartographic Sciences (PPGCC), S&#x00E3;o Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente SP, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124356"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Program on Cartographic Sciences (PPGCC), S\u00e3o Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente SP, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I879563668"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011666300","display_name":"Maur\u00edcio Galo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0104-9960"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124356","display_name":"Hospital Regional de Presidente Prudente","ror":"https://ror.org/03xzqpb53","country_code":"BR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124356"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I879563668","display_name":"Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)","ror":"https://ror.org/00987cb86","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I879563668"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mauricio Galo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cartography, S&#x00E3;o Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente SP, Brazil","Department of Cartography, S\u00e3o Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente SP, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0104-9960","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cartography, S&#x00E3;o Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente SP, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124356"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cartography, S\u00e3o Paulo State University, Presidente Prudente SP, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124356","https://openalex.org/I879563668"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0951,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.43978191,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boundary","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","score":0.602212131023407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notation","display_name":"Notation","score":0.5759968161582947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.5606205463409424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.48907214403152466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.43766671419143677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4235483705997467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.42291051149368286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.37364816665649414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.22014310956001282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.1876693069934845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.16075021028518677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.1438874900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.07689371705055237}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.602212131023407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.5759968161582947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.5606205463409424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.48907214403152466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.43766671419143677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4235483705997467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.42291051149368286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37364816665649414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.22014310956001282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.1876693069934845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.16075021028518677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.1438874900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.07689371705055237}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2020.3031397","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2020.3031397","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorio.unesp.br:11449/230181","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11449/230181","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402641","display_name":"LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4383465926","host_organization_name":"LA Referencia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"instacron:UNESP","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorio.unesp.br:11449/230181","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11449/230181","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402641","display_name":"LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4383465926","host_organization_name":"LA Referencia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"instacron:UNESP","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.6899999976158142}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","ror":"https://ror.org/00x0ma614"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W76086797","https://openalex.org/W172260869","https://openalex.org/W1964953978","https://openalex.org/W1975520234","https://openalex.org/W1996749420","https://openalex.org/W2022773386","https://openalex.org/W2047935350","https://openalex.org/W2055569426","https://openalex.org/W2066483145","https://openalex.org/W2088805832","https://openalex.org/W2096833620","https://openalex.org/W2151631165","https://openalex.org/W2185206735","https://openalex.org/W2221868434","https://openalex.org/W2246054868","https://openalex.org/W2299098318","https://openalex.org/W2781198369","https://openalex.org/W2893512842","https://openalex.org/W2905476808","https://openalex.org/W2911319109","https://openalex.org/W2945062605","https://openalex.org/W3034912970"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319317934","https://openalex.org/W2901265155","https://openalex.org/W2956374172","https://openalex.org/W4319837668","https://openalex.org/W4308071650","https://openalex.org/W3188333020","https://openalex.org/W4281783339","https://openalex.org/W2791252252","https://openalex.org/W2351740396","https://openalex.org/W2335653062"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,112,147],"alpha-shape":[1],"(":[2],"<inline-formula":[3,41,61,151],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[4,42,62,138,144,152],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[5,43,63,153],"<tex-math":[6,44,64,154],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\alpha":[7,45,65],"$":[8,46,66],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[9,47,67,159],"-shape)":[10],"concept,":[11],"which":[12,121],"has":[13],"its":[14],"origin":[15],"in":[16,22,52,71],"computational":[17],"geometry,":[18],"is":[19],"usually":[20],"applied":[21],"building":[23],"boundary":[24,72],"extraction":[25],"from":[26,124],"airborne":[27],"LiDAR":[28,126],"data.":[29],"However,":[30],"the":[31,35,39,53,55,59,95,104,130,169,172],"results":[32],"depend":[33],"on":[34],"appropriate":[36],"choice":[37,57],"of":[38,58,110,134,171],"parameter":[40,60],".":[48,146],"Despite":[49],"several":[50],"studies":[51],"literature,":[54],"adaptive":[56],"persists":[68],"a":[69,87],"challenge":[70],"extraction,":[73],"especially":[74],"when":[75,176],"abrupt":[76,177],"density":[77,178],"variations":[78],"occur.":[79],"To":[80],"overcome":[81],"this":[82,84],"limitation,":[83],"letter":[85],"proposes":[86],"new":[88],"approach":[89],"combining":[90],"five":[91],"estimation":[92],"strategies.":[93],"In":[94],"proposed":[96,173],"method,":[97],"these":[98],"strategies":[99],"are":[100],"tested":[101],"sequentially,":[102],"prioritizing":[103],"one":[105],"that":[106],"provides":[107],"greater":[108],"level":[109],"details.":[111],"experiments":[113],"were":[114,122],"conducted":[115],"considering":[116],"buildings":[117],"with":[118,129],"different":[119],"characteristics,":[120],"selected":[123],"two":[125],"data":[127],"sets":[128],"average":[131],"point":[132],"densities":[133],"12":[135],"points/m":[136,142],"<sup":[137,143],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[139,145],"and":[140,160,164],"4":[141],"obtained":[148],"results,":[149],"presenting":[150],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\boldsymbol":[155],"{F}":[156],"_{{\\text":[157],"{score}}}$":[158],"PoLiS":[161],"around":[162],"98%":[163],"0.32":[165],"m,":[166],"respectively,":[167],"indicate":[168],"robustness":[170],"method":[174],"even":[175],"variation":[179],"occurs.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
