{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3092367177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2020.3025641","title":"Feature Selection and Classification of Oil Spill From Vessels Using Sentinel-1 Wide\u2013Swath Synthetic Aperture Radar Data","display_name":"Feature Selection and Classification of Oil Spill From Vessels Using Sentinel-1 Wide\u2013Swath Synthetic Aperture Radar Data","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3092367177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2020.3025641","mag":"3092367177"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2020.3025641","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2020.3025641","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052530563","display_name":"L. W. Mdakane","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8541-8243"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lizwe Wandile Mdakane","raw_affiliation_strings":["Spatial Information Systems, e-Government Next Gen Enterprises and Institutions, CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8541-8243","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spatial Information Systems, e-Government Next Gen Enterprises and Institutions, CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031004986","display_name":"W. Kleynhans","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7046-7023"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69552723","display_name":"University of Pretoria","ror":"https://ror.org/00g0p6g84","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Waldo Kleynhans","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6196,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62725687,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12316","display_name":"Oil Spill Detection and Mitigation","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12316","display_name":"Oil Spill Detection and Mitigation","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10032","display_name":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11622","display_name":"Maritime Navigation and Safety","score":0.9805999994277954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.791144847869873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oil-spill","display_name":"Oil spill","score":0.6911263465881348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6072267889976501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.6030135154724121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5371412038803101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.45275425910949707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marine-pollution","display_name":"Marine pollution","score":0.44715332984924316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.4154275059700012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2695506811141968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.25537070631980896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-engineering","display_name":"Environmental engineering","score":0.14104831218719482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pollution","display_name":"Pollution","score":0.11735594272613525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.0886913537979126}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.791144847869873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985668151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220187","display_name":"Oil spill","level":2,"score":0.6911263465881348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6072267889976501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.6030135154724121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5371412038803101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45275425910949707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780492012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058325","display_name":"Marine pollution","level":3,"score":0.44715332984924316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.4154275059700012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2695506811141968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.25537070631980896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.14104831218719482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521259446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58734","display_name":"Pollution","level":2,"score":0.11735594272613525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0886913537979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2020.3025641","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2020.3025641","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480376833","https://openalex.org/W1964309505","https://openalex.org/W1973178306","https://openalex.org/W1995721042","https://openalex.org/W2000175358","https://openalex.org/W2005902297","https://openalex.org/W2059033205","https://openalex.org/W2059432853","https://openalex.org/W2068055385","https://openalex.org/W2090555052","https://openalex.org/W2093761294","https://openalex.org/W2095064457","https://openalex.org/W2149149727","https://openalex.org/W2155742718","https://openalex.org/W2330820318","https://openalex.org/W2561467560","https://openalex.org/W2593989578","https://openalex.org/W2601474397","https://openalex.org/W3018127974","https://openalex.org/W4244266543"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2142660541","https://openalex.org/W2060572485","https://openalex.org/W254011709","https://openalex.org/W2060211536","https://openalex.org/W1642261671","https://openalex.org/W2126408314","https://openalex.org/W2546856799","https://openalex.org/W2116890486","https://openalex.org/W2167059547","https://openalex.org/W1537986011"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Oil":[0],"spills":[1,28,111,150,184,215],"are":[2,229],"often":[3,61],"caused":[4,87,151,216],"by":[5,88,152,217],"vessels":[6,154],"when":[7],"dumping":[8],"oily":[9],"bilge":[10,18],"wastewater":[11],"at":[12],"sea":[13],"(also":[14],"referred":[15],"to":[16,63,75,81,121,126,137,159,163,204],"as":[17,36,49],"dumping).":[19],"In":[20],"an":[21],"synthetic":[22],"aperture":[23],"radar":[24,31],"(SAR)":[25],"image,":[26],"oil":[27,50,66,84,110,131,149,168,183,214],"dampen":[29,55],"the":[30,72,99,128,139,144,174,195,209],"energy":[32,56],"return":[33,57],"and":[34,58,157,166,194,207,235],"appear":[35],"linearly":[37],"shaped":[38],"dark":[39],"regions.":[40],"However,":[41],"naturally":[42],"occurring":[43],"phenomena":[44],"(e.g.,":[45],"natural":[46],"seepage)":[47],"known":[48],"spill":[51,85,132,169],"look-alikes":[52,113,186],"can":[53],"also":[54],"occur":[59],"more":[60],"compared":[62],"a":[64,77,105],"real":[65],"spill.":[67],"The":[68,118,171,220],"primary":[69],"goal":[70],"of":[71,101,108,115,130,148],"study":[73,119,172],"is":[74,114],"develop":[76],"monitoring":[78],"system":[79],"dedicated":[80],"automatically":[82,164],"detect":[83,165],"events":[86],"ships":[89],"(bilge":[90],"dumping)":[91],"in":[92,134,179],"African":[93],"Oceans.":[94],"To":[95],"achieve":[96],"this":[97],"goal,":[98],"knowledge":[100],"features":[102,141,162,177,211,226,230],"that":[103,142,223,231],"has":[104],"high":[106,234],"probability":[107],"separating":[109],"from":[112,155,185,187],"great":[116],"importance.":[117],"aimed":[120],"accomplish":[122],"three":[123],"things,":[124],"1)":[125],"improve":[127],"lack":[129],"studies":[133],"Africa;":[135],"2)":[136],"determine":[138,208],"critical":[140],"yield":[143],"highest":[145],"discrimination":[146],"accuracy":[147],"moving":[153,218],"look-alikes;":[156],"3)":[158],"use":[160],"these":[161],"classify":[167],"events.":[170],"investigated":[173],"most":[175],"common":[176],"used":[178,203],"literature":[180],"for":[181,212],"discriminating":[182,213],"SAR":[188],"imagery.":[189],"Multiple":[190],"feature":[191],"selection":[192],"methods":[193],"gradient":[196],"boosting":[197],"decision":[198],"tree":[199],"(GBT)":[200],"classifier":[201],"were":[202],"select,":[205],"classify,":[206],"significant":[210],"vessels.":[219],"results":[221],"showed":[222],"while":[224],"some":[225],"vary,":[227],"there":[228],"consistently":[232],"have":[233],"low":[236],"significance":[237],"across":[238],"all":[239],"methods.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-12-19T19:40:27.379048","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}