{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3016776421","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2020.2983851","title":"Improving Text Encoding for Retro-Remote Sensing","display_name":"Improving Text Encoding for Retro-Remote Sensing","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3016776421","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2020.2983851","mag":"3016776421"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2020.2983851","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2020.2983851","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039020372","display_name":"Mesay Belete Bejiga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2683-6589"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mesay Belete Bejiga","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Trento, Trento, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Trento, Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007505274","display_name":"Genc Hoxha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2552-5615"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Genc Hoxha","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Trento, Trento, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Trento, Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021389231","display_name":"Farid Melgani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9745-3732"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farid Melgani","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Trento, Trento, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Trento, Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039020372"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7847,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73841339,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"4","first_page":"622","last_page":"626"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11439","display_name":"Video Analysis and Summarization","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9871000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.8624080419540405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.836588978767395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.6297216415405273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.5566968321800232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.55448317527771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.5040358901023865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5007154941558838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.49478596448898315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.48395660519599915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4138324558734894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3910607099533081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3457064628601074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08069455623626709}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.8624080419540405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.836588978767395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.6297216415405273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.5566968321800232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.55448317527771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.5040358901023865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5007154941558838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.49478596448898315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.48395660519599915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4138324558734894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3910607099533081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3457064628601074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08069455623626709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2020.2983851","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2020.2983851","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unitn.it:11572/329648","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9066830/authors#authors","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401913","display_name":"Institutional Research Information System (Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Trento)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","host_organization_name":"University of Trento","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.550000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1614298861","https://openalex.org/W1874815121","https://openalex.org/W2099471712","https://openalex.org/W2125389028","https://openalex.org/W2128977740","https://openalex.org/W2131744502","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2405756170","https://openalex.org/W2479506271","https://openalex.org/W2480068437","https://openalex.org/W2739748921","https://openalex.org/W2794557536","https://openalex.org/W2919929126","https://openalex.org/W2920277907","https://openalex.org/W2963163163","https://openalex.org/W2963514026","https://openalex.org/W2963966654","https://openalex.org/W2964024144","https://openalex.org/W3133634237","https://openalex.org/W4320013936","https://openalex.org/W6636510571","https://openalex.org/W6678815747","https://openalex.org/W6679775712","https://openalex.org/W6713645886","https://openalex.org/W6741832134","https://openalex.org/W6749879876"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2884815824","https://openalex.org/W2536452361","https://openalex.org/W2207021851","https://openalex.org/W1969663039","https://openalex.org/W2092957489","https://openalex.org/W2355571844","https://openalex.org/W2950862326","https://openalex.org/W4294351586","https://openalex.org/W2137821935","https://openalex.org/W4308908023"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"recent":[1],"work":[2],"on":[3],"retro-remote":[4],"sensing":[5],"(converting":[6],"ancient":[7],"text":[8,23,96],"descriptions":[9],"into":[10,83],"images)":[11],"was":[12],"proposed":[13,141],"using":[14,109],"a":[15,28,57,117],"multilabel":[16],"encoding":[17,43],"scheme":[18],"in":[19,56,60],"which":[20],"an":[21,77,91],"input":[22,70,92],"description":[24],"is":[25,97,143],"represented":[26],"by":[27],"binary":[29],"vector":[30],"indicating":[31],"the":[32,69,105,124,128,132,140],"presence":[33],"or":[34],"absence":[35],"of":[36,42,87,127],"specific":[37],"objects.":[38],"However,":[39],"this":[40,73],"kind":[41],"disregards":[44],"information":[45,88,102],"such":[46],"as":[47,100],"object":[48],"attributes":[49],"and":[50,134],"spatial":[51],"relationship":[52],"between":[53],"multiple":[54],"objects":[55],"description,":[58],"resulting":[59],"images":[61],"that":[62,81,139],"do":[63],"not":[64],"semantically":[65],"(fully)":[66],"conform":[67],"to":[68,103,122],"description.":[71],"In":[72],"letter,":[74],"we":[75,115],"propose":[76],"improved":[78],"text-encoding":[79],"mechanism":[80],"takes":[82],"account":[84],"different":[85],"levels":[86],"available":[89],"from":[90],"text.":[93],"The":[94],"encoded":[95],"then":[98],"used":[99],"conditional":[101],"guide":[104],"image":[106],"synthesis":[107],"process":[108],"generative":[110],"adversarial":[111],"networks":[112],"(GANs).":[113],"Besides,":[114],"present":[116],"modified":[118],"GAN":[119],"architecture":[120],"intending":[121],"improve":[123],"semantic":[125],"content":[126],"generated":[129],"images.":[130],"Both":[131],"qualitative":[133],"quantitative":[135],"results":[136],"obtained":[137],"indicate":[138],"method":[142],"particularly":[144],"promising.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-04T09:04:59.091469","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}