{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2992263340","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2019.2954715","title":"Infrared Moving Small-Target Detection Using Spatial\u2013Temporal Local Difference Measure","display_name":"Infrared Moving Small-Target Detection Using Spatial\u2013Temporal Local Difference Measure","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2992263340","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2019.2954715","mag":"2992263340"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2019.2954715","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2019.2954715","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101841142","display_name":"Peng Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0053-8057"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96908189","display_name":"Xinjiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/059gw8r13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peng Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Science and Engineering, Xinjiang University, \u00dcr\u00fcmqi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Science and Engineering, Xinjiang University, \u00dcr\u00fcmqi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075133420","display_name":"Askar Hamdulla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2321-308X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96908189","display_name":"Xinjiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/059gw8r13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Askar Hamdulla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Science and Engineering, Xinjiang University, \u00dcr\u00fcmqi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Science and Engineering, Xinjiang University, \u00dcr\u00fcmqi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101841142"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":44.3195,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":94,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99580042,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"10","first_page":"1817","last_page":"1821"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11856","display_name":"Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14257","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grayscale","display_name":"Grayscale","score":0.8062397241592407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6682167053222656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6465848684310913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6035813689231873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-alarm","display_name":"False alarm","score":0.5561114549636841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.46982598304748535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intensity","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","score":0.43975088000297546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4217134714126587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21272671222686768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.21180632710456848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.13287431001663208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07300734519958496}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78201319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685727","display_name":"Grayscale","level":3,"score":0.8062397241592407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6682167053222656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6465848684310913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6035813689231873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776836416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364844","display_name":"False alarm","level":2,"score":0.5561114549636841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.46982598304748535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93038891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061524","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","level":2,"score":0.43975088000297546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4217134714126587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21272671222686768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.21180632710456848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.13287431001663208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07300734519958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2019.2954715","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2019.2954715","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4132105060","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61563049","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976526581","https://openalex.org/W1978993121","https://openalex.org/W2041560658","https://openalex.org/W2067173181","https://openalex.org/W2288886961","https://openalex.org/W2341998679","https://openalex.org/W2407220925","https://openalex.org/W2499656830","https://openalex.org/W2540854551","https://openalex.org/W2605847739","https://openalex.org/W2621364673","https://openalex.org/W2790021535","https://openalex.org/W2792463169","https://openalex.org/W2897587419"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W115686965","https://openalex.org/W2768918307","https://openalex.org/W2040020606","https://openalex.org/W2110031805","https://openalex.org/W4362659915","https://openalex.org/W2113071088","https://openalex.org/W2321543601","https://openalex.org/W1990016983","https://openalex.org/W2972861887","https://openalex.org/W2393930098"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Effectiveness":[0],"and":[1,78,90],"false":[2],"alarm":[3],"(FA)":[4],"suppression":[5],"are":[6],"key":[7],"issues":[8],"in":[9,48,57,86,94,98,110],"infrared":[10],"(IR)":[11],"moving":[12,31,73,134],"small-target":[13],"detection.":[14],"In":[15],"this":[16],"letter,":[17],"we":[18,37,43,62,105],"propose":[19,38],"a":[20,30,49,58,111,127],"novel":[21],"spatial-temporal":[22,60],"local":[23,65],"difference":[24,68,81],"measure":[25],"(STLDM)":[26],"algorithm":[27],"to":[28],"detect":[29],"IR":[32,133],"small":[33,71,108,135],"target.":[34,103],"The":[35,115],"method":[36,125],"involves":[39],"three":[40,46,76],"steps.":[41],"First,":[42],"block":[44],"off":[45],"frames":[47,77],"certain":[50],"range":[51],"of":[52,69,117,130,132],"time":[53],"(temporal)":[54],"domain.":[55],"Next,":[56],"3-D":[59],"domain,":[61],"analyze":[63],"the":[64,70,75,80,83,87,91,95,99,102,107],"grayscale":[66,84,92],"intensity":[67,85,93],"targets":[72],"between":[74,82],"calculate":[79],"center":[88],"area":[89,100],"eight":[96],"directions":[97],"surrounding":[101],"Finally,":[104],"segment":[106],"target":[109],"detection":[112,131],"result":[113],"map.":[114],"results":[116],"our":[118,122],"experiment":[119],"demonstrate":[120],"that":[121],"proposed":[123],"STLDM":[124],"has":[126],"higher":[128],"rate":[129],"targets,":[136],"as":[137,139],"well":[138],"fewer":[140],"FAs":[141],"than":[142],"other":[143],"existing":[144],"methods.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
