{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2988666519","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2019.2949930","title":"APDC-Net: Attention Pooling-Based Convolutional Network for Aerial Scene Classification","display_name":"APDC-Net: Attention Pooling-Based Convolutional Network for Aerial Scene Classification","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2988666519","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2019.2949930","mag":"2988666519"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2019.2949930","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2019.2949930","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035415308","display_name":"Qi Bi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1047-4790"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Bi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1047-4790","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101514497","display_name":"Kun Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-1637"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kun Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100399261","display_name":"Han Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7750-0028"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011175161","display_name":"Jiafen Xie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiafen Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011406776","display_name":"Zhili Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6703-6126"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhili Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6703-6126","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076970762","display_name":"Kai Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1387-2786"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1387-2786","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.7716,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":79,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94832071,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"9","first_page":"1603","last_page":"1607"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pooling","display_name":"Pooling","score":0.8524158000946045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.8238860368728638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.816175103187561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.803030252456665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerial-image","display_name":"Aerial image","score":0.6790466904640198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5986483693122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5706283450126648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.5085083246231079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.49477118253707886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.47539031505584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4278325140476227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.4223952889442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.40461084246635437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.33443278074264526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2675883173942566}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70437156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7228652","display_name":"Pooling","level":2,"score":0.8524158000946045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.8238860368728638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.816175103187561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.803030252456665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776429412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4688011","display_name":"Aerial image","level":3,"score":0.6790466904640198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5986483693122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5706283450126648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5085083246231079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.49477118253707886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.47539031505584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4278325140476227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.4223952889442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.40461084246635437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.33443278074264526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2675883173942566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2019.2949930","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2019.2949930","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.75,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5286337483","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFB0502600","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6191305970","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41801265","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W280294731","https://openalex.org/W1526295910","https://openalex.org/W1989316905","https://openalex.org/W1990895816","https://openalex.org/W2065778157","https://openalex.org/W2098676252","https://openalex.org/W2347115704","https://openalex.org/W2474941434","https://openalex.org/W2507373853","https://openalex.org/W2515866431","https://openalex.org/W2592962403","https://openalex.org/W2612246789","https://openalex.org/W2617536493","https://openalex.org/W2621526417","https://openalex.org/W2727875856","https://openalex.org/W2738423991","https://openalex.org/W2746325398","https://openalex.org/W2769613401","https://openalex.org/W2808436940","https://openalex.org/W2883589384","https://openalex.org/W2916172883","https://openalex.org/W2924784630","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2971339586","https://openalex.org/W3009029460","https://openalex.org/W3103856189","https://openalex.org/W3105577662"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2953234277","https://openalex.org/W2626256601","https://openalex.org/W2900413183","https://openalex.org/W2748667022","https://openalex.org/W3211770882","https://openalex.org/W2129933262","https://openalex.org/W2010629964","https://openalex.org/W2983135586","https://openalex.org/W3147207884","https://openalex.org/W1836423264"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"learning":[1],"methods":[2,150],"have":[3],"boosted":[4],"the":[5,14,47,85,101,107,130,157],"performance":[6],"of":[7,10,159],"a":[8,79,96,115],"series":[9],"visual":[11],"tasks.":[12],"However,":[13],"aerial":[15,28,73,138],"image":[16,37],"scene":[17,48,74,139],"classification":[18,140],"remains":[19],"challenging.":[20],"The":[21],"object":[22],"distribution":[23],"and":[24,50,104,155,163],"spatial":[25],"arrangement":[26],"in":[27,35,59],"scenes":[29],"are":[30,125],"often":[31],"more":[32,52],"complicated":[33],"than":[34],"natural":[36],"scenes.":[38],"Possible":[39],"solutions":[40],"include":[41],"highlighting":[42],"local":[43,108],"semantics":[44],"relevant":[45],"to":[46,87,99,105,128],"label":[49],"preserving":[51],"discriminative":[53],"features.":[54],"To":[55],"tackle":[56],"this":[57,60],"challenge,":[58],"letter,":[61],"we":[62,94,113],"propose":[63,95],"an":[64],"attention":[65],"pooling-based":[66],"dense":[67,81],"connected":[68],"convolutional":[69],"network":[70],"(APDC-Net)":[71],"for":[72],"classification.":[75],"First,":[76],"it":[77],"uses":[78],"simplified":[80],"connection":[82],"structure":[83],"as":[84],"backbone":[86],"preserve":[88],"features":[89,121],"from":[90,122],"different":[91,123],"levels.":[92],"Then,":[93],"trainable":[97],"pooling":[98,162],"down-sample":[100],"feature":[102],"maps":[103],"enhance":[106],"semantic":[109],"representation":[110],"capability.":[111],"Finally,":[112],"introduce":[114],"multi-level":[116,164],"supervision":[117,165],"strategy,":[118],"so":[119],"that":[120,143],"levels":[124],"all":[126],"allowed":[127],"supervise":[129],"training":[131],"process":[132],"directly.":[133],"Exhaustive":[134],"experiments":[135],"on":[136],"three":[137],"benchmarks":[141],"demonstrate":[142],"our":[144,160],"proposed":[145],"APDC-Net":[146],"outperforms":[147],"other":[148],"state-of-the-art":[149],"with":[151],"much":[152],"fewer":[153],"parameters":[154],"validate":[156],"effectiveness":[158],"attention-based":[161],"strategy.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}