{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2981066037","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2019.2943141","title":"Small Infrared Target Detection Based on Local Difference Adaptive Measure","display_name":"Small Infrared Target Detection Based on Local Difference Adaptive Measure","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2981066037","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2019.2943141","mag":"2981066037"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2019.2943141","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2019.2943141","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100459668","display_name":"Li Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1518-4642"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","Key Laboratory of Dependable Service Computing in the Cyber Physical Society, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Dependable Service Computing in the Cyber Physical Society, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081224354","display_name":"Zhengzhou Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-1728"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128284","display_name":"Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02bn68w95","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128284"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengzhou Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","Key Laboratory of Beam Control, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China","Key Laboratory of Dependable Service Computing in the Cyber Physical Society, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Beam Control, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128284","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Dependable Service Computing in the Cyber Physical Society, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056955773","display_name":"Yongsong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5955-2999"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongsong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","Key Laboratory of Dependable Service Computing in the Cyber Physical Society, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Dependable Service Computing in the Cyber Physical Society, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100420560","display_name":"Cheng Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7323-1104"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","Key Laboratory of Dependable Service Computing in the Cyber Physical Society, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Dependable Service Computing in the Cyber Physical Society, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013473621","display_name":"Jiangpeng Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiangpeng Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","Key Laboratory of Dependable Service Computing in the Cyber Physical Society, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Dependable Service Computing in the Cyber Physical Society, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089283853","display_name":"Chao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0845-9217"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","Key Laboratory of Dependable Service Computing in the Cyber Physical Society, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Dependable Service Computing in the Cyber Physical Society, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100459668"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1736,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9181065,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"7","first_page":"1258","last_page":"1262"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14257","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12019","display_name":"Calibration and Measurement Techniques","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sky","display_name":"Sky","score":0.5860650539398193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5537492036819458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.5487561225891113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.5088210701942444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrared","display_name":"Infrared","score":0.4863656163215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.4760434627532959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","score":0.4729100167751312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-detection","display_name":"Edge detection","score":0.4521586298942566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structure-tensor","display_name":"Structure tensor","score":0.44947782158851624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.44184258580207825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.43784698843955994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.4359634220600128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3948805332183838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.36795270442962646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2639976143836975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.24968892335891724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.24418097734451294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.22402065992355347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astrophysics","display_name":"Astrophysics","score":0.11784723401069641}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73329638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q527","display_name":"Sky","level":2,"score":0.5860650539398193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5537492036819458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.5487561225891113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5088210701942444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158355884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11388","display_name":"Infrared","level":2,"score":0.4863656163215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.4760434627532959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.4729100167751312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193536780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513153","display_name":"Edge detection","level":4,"score":0.4521586298942566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113315163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7625159","display_name":"Structure tensor","level":3,"score":0.44947782158851624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44184258580207825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.43784698843955994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.4359634220600128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3948805332183838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.36795270442962646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2639976143836975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.24968892335891724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.24418097734451294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.22402065992355347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.11784723401069641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2019.2943141","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2019.2943141","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1669142628","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017LBC006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","funder_display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2253890267","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61675036","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3355602116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018CDGFTX0016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8151592454","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CSTC2016JCYJA0193","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327865","funder_display_name":"Chongqing Research Program of Basic Research and Frontier Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327865","display_name":"Chongqing Research Program of Basic Research and Frontier Technology","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1587448943","https://openalex.org/W1981607236","https://openalex.org/W2048558146","https://openalex.org/W2049769803","https://openalex.org/W2051185466","https://openalex.org/W2058512501","https://openalex.org/W2060449488","https://openalex.org/W2067173181","https://openalex.org/W2291670705","https://openalex.org/W2344666353","https://openalex.org/W2782405382","https://openalex.org/W2790021535","https://openalex.org/W2803108972"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2245358137","https://openalex.org/W2528420922","https://openalex.org/W2587830478","https://openalex.org/W3010033880","https://openalex.org/W2554059268","https://openalex.org/W2919291704","https://openalex.org/W4286825833","https://openalex.org/W2328468600","https://openalex.org/W2369577330","https://openalex.org/W2362724415"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,77,137],"the":[1,6,32,48,63,89,105,111,118,125,130,134,140,153,157],"intricate":[2,90],"infrared":[3,91,120],"cloudy-sky":[4,92],"background,":[5],"edge":[7,66,142],"of":[8,50,129],"cloud":[9],"might":[10],"be":[11],"falsely":[12],"detected":[13],"as":[14],"a":[15,23,51,74,82,95],"target":[16,25,37,53],"because":[17],"it":[18],"is":[19,54,67,143],"usually":[20],"similar":[21,57],"to":[22,41,58,71,84,109,132],"small":[24,36,52,86],"in":[26,73,88,117],"contrast":[27],"and":[28,45,56,69,114,122,127,146],"complexity,":[29],"which":[30],"are":[31],"criteria":[33],"that":[34,152],"conventional":[35],"detection":[38],"methods":[39],"adopt":[40],"differentiate":[42],"between":[43],"background":[44,65,93,141],"target.":[46],"However,":[47],"shape":[49,128],"isotropic":[55],"2-D":[59],"Gaussian":[60],"function,":[61],"while":[62],"strong":[64],"anisotropic":[68],"tends":[70],"spread":[72],"certain":[75],"direction.":[76],"this":[78,138],"letter,":[79],"we":[80],"propose":[81],"method":[83,103,155],"detect":[85],"targets":[87],"by":[94],"local":[96,106,119,135],"difference":[97],"adaptive":[98],"measure":[99],"(LDAM).":[100],"This":[101],"proposed":[102,154],"uses":[104],"structure":[107],"tensor":[108],"perceive":[110],"dominant":[112],"direction":[113,126],"its":[115],"uncertainty":[116],"image":[121],"then":[123],"sets":[124],"filter":[131],"calculate":[133],"difference.":[136],"way,":[139],"estimated":[144],"accurately":[145],"suppressed":[147],"effectively.":[148],"Extensive":[149],"experiments":[150],"show":[151],"outperforms":[156],"baseline":[158],"methods.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}