{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2956118666","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2019.2923564","title":"AVDNet: A Small-Sized Vehicle Detection Network for Aerial Visual Data","display_name":"AVDNet: A Small-Sized Vehicle Detection Network for Aerial Visual Data","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2956118666","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2019.2923564","mag":"2956118666"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2019.2923564","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2019.2923564","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1907.07477","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090323460","display_name":"Murari Mandal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0157-0967"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83205935","display_name":"Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur","ror":"https://ror.org/0077k1j32","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83205935"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Murari Mandal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Vision Intelligence Lab, Jaipur, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0157-0967","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Vision Intelligence Lab, Jaipur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83205935"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008062873","display_name":"Manal Shah","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83205935","display_name":"Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur","ror":"https://ror.org/0077k1j32","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83205935"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manal Shah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Vision Intelligence Lab, Jaipur, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Vision Intelligence Lab, Jaipur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83205935"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031400307","display_name":"Prashant Meena","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83205935","display_name":"Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur","ror":"https://ror.org/0077k1j32","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83205935"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prashant Meena","raw_affiliation_strings":["Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Vision Intelligence Lab, Jaipur, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Vision Intelligence Lab, Jaipur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83205935"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sanhita Devi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83205935","display_name":"Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur","ror":"https://ror.org/0077k1j32","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83205935"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanhita Devi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Vision Intelligence Lab, Jaipur, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Vision Intelligence Lab, Jaipur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83205935"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015414891","display_name":"Santosh Kumar Vipparthi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5672-3537"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83205935","display_name":"Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur","ror":"https://ror.org/0077k1j32","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83205935"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Santosh Kumar Vipparthi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Vision Intelligence Lab, Jaipur, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5672-3537","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Vision Intelligence Lab, Jaipur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83205935"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090323460"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83205935"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.0035,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":75,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96246611,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"3","first_page":"494","last_page":"498"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7480988502502441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.735253095626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.6398151516914368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.637735903263092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6045594215393066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerial-image","display_name":"Aerial image","score":0.5528740286827087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.5469385385513306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5317287445068359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.485679030418396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.48348933458328247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.48315709829330444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4410136938095093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.42306506633758545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-set","display_name":"Data set","score":0.4199608564376831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.21763327717781067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.11615374684333801}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7480988502502441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.735253095626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.6398151516914368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.637735903263092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6045594215393066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776429412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4688011","display_name":"Aerial image","level":3,"score":0.5528740286827087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.5469385385513306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5317287445068359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.485679030418396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.48348933458328247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.48315709829330444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4410136938095093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.42306506633758545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.4199608564376831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.21763327717781067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.11615374684333801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2019.2923564","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2019.2923564","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1907.07477","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1907.07477","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1907.07477","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1907.07477","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1907.07477","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1907.07477","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6499999761581421,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1150244634","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"#SERB/F/9507/2017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334771","funder_display_name":"Science and Engineering Research Board"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334771","display_name":"Science and Engineering Research Board","ror":"https://ror.org/03ffdsr55"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1594676769","https://openalex.org/W1904073808","https://openalex.org/W1931125522","https://openalex.org/W1965877721","https://openalex.org/W2013081398","https://openalex.org/W2081314642","https://openalex.org/W2118246710","https://openalex.org/W2176924101","https://openalex.org/W2245000483","https://openalex.org/W2343118941","https://openalex.org/W2512351403","https://openalex.org/W2545630289","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2577537809","https://openalex.org/W2612465689","https://openalex.org/W2613825824","https://openalex.org/W2613886079","https://openalex.org/W2736200241","https://openalex.org/W2779335303","https://openalex.org/W2796347433","https://openalex.org/W2802096996","https://openalex.org/W2884275291","https://openalex.org/W2888527098","https://openalex.org/W2953303055","https://openalex.org/W2962749812","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W3103294617","https://openalex.org/W4293584584","https://openalex.org/W6750227808"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4396860960","https://openalex.org/W4390482660","https://openalex.org/W2972256598","https://openalex.org/W2610408157","https://openalex.org/W4388813151","https://openalex.org/W4280568880","https://openalex.org/W2612465689","https://openalex.org/W4284972948","https://openalex.org/W4237245474","https://openalex.org/W2099047584"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Detection":[0],"of":[1,15,57,65,68,85,130,155,165],"small-sized":[2,38,90],"targets":[3],"in":[4,40,121,163],"aerial":[5,41,123],"views":[6],"is":[7,132],"a":[8,29,95,109],"challenging":[9],"task":[10],"due":[11],"to":[12,35,53,101],"the":[13,55,66,82,86,103,139,151,156],"smallness":[14],"vehicle":[16,31],"size,":[17],"complex":[18],"background,":[19],"and":[20,138,144,168],"monotonic":[21],"object":[22],"appearances.":[23],"In":[24,43],"this":[25],"letter,":[26],"we":[27,45,93],"propose":[28],"one-stage":[30],"detection":[32,161],"network":[33,104],"(AVDNet)":[34],"robustly":[36],"detect":[37],"vehicles":[39],"scenes.":[42],"AVDNet,":[44],"introduced":[46],"ConvRes":[47],"residual":[48,73],"blocks":[49],"at":[50],"multiple":[51],"scales":[52],"alleviate":[54],"problem":[56],"vanishing":[58],"features":[59,88],"for":[60,89,125],"smaller":[61],"objects":[62,120],"caused":[63],"because":[64],"inclusion":[67],"deeper":[69],"convolutional":[70],"layers.":[71],"These":[72],"blocks,":[74],"along":[75],"with":[76],"enlarged":[77],"output":[78],"feature":[79],"map,":[80],"ensure":[81],"robust":[83],"representation":[84],"salient":[87],"objects.":[91],"Furthermore,":[92],"proposed":[94,157],"recurrent-feature":[96],"aware":[97],"visualization":[98],"(RFAV)":[99],"technique":[100],"analyze":[102],"behavior.":[105],"We":[106],"also":[107],"created":[108],"new":[110,119],"airborne":[111],"image":[112],"data":[113,146],"set":[114],"(ABD)":[115],"by":[116],"annotating":[117],"1396":[118],"79":[122],"images":[124],"our":[126],"experiments.":[127],"The":[128],"effectiveness":[129],"AVDNet":[131],"validated":[133],"on":[134],"VEDAI,":[135],"DLR-3K,":[136,142],"DOTA,":[137,143],"combined":[140],"(VEDAI,":[141],"ABD)":[145],"set.":[147],"Experimental":[148],"results":[149],"demonstrate":[150],"significant":[152],"performance":[153],"improvement":[154],"method":[158],"over":[159],"state-of-the-art":[160],"techniques":[162],"terms":[164],"mAP,":[166],"computation,":[167],"space":[169],"complexity.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":16}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
