{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2909329029","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2018.2889886","title":"Subspace-Based Variational Born Iterative Method for Solving Inverse Scattering Problems","display_name":"Subspace-Based Variational Born Iterative Method for Solving Inverse Scattering Problems","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2909329029","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2018.2889886","mag":"2909329029"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2018.2889886","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2018.2889886","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073851024","display_name":"Zijian Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6024-4902"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zijian Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microwave Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6024-4902","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microwave Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077498008","display_name":"Zaiping Nie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9563-4115"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zaiping Nie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microwave Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9563-4115","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microwave Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.997,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73148591,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"7","first_page":"1017","last_page":"1020"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10739","display_name":"Electromagnetic Scattering and Analysis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11205","display_name":"Numerical methods in inverse problems","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2610","display_name":"Mathematical Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subspace-topology","display_name":"Subspace topology","score":0.6943826079368591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/born-approximation","display_name":"Born approximation","score":0.6627725958824158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-method","display_name":"Iterative method","score":0.6577619314193726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/singular-value-decomposition","display_name":"Singular value decomposition","score":0.6412389874458313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.5655984282493591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5428234934806824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.5245540142059326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-and-incremental-development","display_name":"Iterative and incremental development","score":0.5179204344749451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.46406444907188416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4629576802253723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","score":0.44879263639450073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse-problem","display_name":"Inverse problem","score":0.4394003450870514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operator","display_name":"Operator (biology)","score":0.43503454327583313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse","display_name":"Inverse","score":0.4331800043582916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse-scattering-problem","display_name":"Inverse scattering problem","score":0.42052823305130005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.40158650279045105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3878664970397949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scattering","display_name":"Scattering","score":0.35832303762435913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.22852486371994019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.15962368249893188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.07199808955192566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.06286868453025818}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32834561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660730","display_name":"Subspace topology","level":2,"score":0.6943826079368591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71083448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39325","display_name":"Born approximation","level":3,"score":0.6627725958824158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159694833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2321565","display_name":"Iterative method","level":2,"score":0.6577619314193726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22789450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420904","display_name":"Singular value decomposition","level":2,"score":0.6412389874458313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5655984282493591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5428234934806824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.5245540142059326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143587482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1543216","display_name":"Iterative and incremental development","level":2,"score":0.5179204344749451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.46406444907188416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4629576802253723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.44879263639450073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135252773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1567213","display_name":"Inverse problem","level":2,"score":0.4394003450870514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17020691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139677","display_name":"Operator (biology)","level":5,"score":0.43503454327583313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207467116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4385666","display_name":"Inverse","level":2,"score":0.4331800043582916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174558057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11639409","display_name":"Inverse scattering problem","level":3,"score":0.42052823305130005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40158650279045105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3878664970397949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.35832303762435913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.22852486371994019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.15962368249893188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.07199808955192566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.06286868453025818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86339819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407384","display_name":"Transcription factor","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158448853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425218","display_name":"Repressor","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2018.2889886","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2018.2889886","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2781910279","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61727803","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4441083650","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61721001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6517369975","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"6172780141","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1514248469","https://openalex.org/W1976167032","https://openalex.org/W2003147468","https://openalex.org/W2004288581","https://openalex.org/W2015181520","https://openalex.org/W2046345533","https://openalex.org/W2057445777","https://openalex.org/W2096308937","https://openalex.org/W2097029186","https://openalex.org/W2106318250","https://openalex.org/W2108174537","https://openalex.org/W2143368686","https://openalex.org/W2156123779","https://openalex.org/W2163823030","https://openalex.org/W2549295621","https://openalex.org/W2558866717","https://openalex.org/W2588804494","https://openalex.org/W2766613132","https://openalex.org/W2786222366"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2033816073","https://openalex.org/W2155688167","https://openalex.org/W4301008793","https://openalex.org/W2362323873","https://openalex.org/W2762426522","https://openalex.org/W2078822937","https://openalex.org/W4297960287","https://openalex.org/W2952649163","https://openalex.org/W2072299904","https://openalex.org/W2909329029"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,69],"this":[1],"letter,":[2],"a":[3],"subspace-based":[4],"variational":[5,27,84],"Born":[6,52],"iterative":[7,35],"method":[8,20],"(S-VBIM)":[9],"is":[10,47,77,100],"proposed":[11,19],"to":[12,93],"solve":[13],"the":[14,22,26,31,34,39,42,51,72,78,83,97,104,108],"inverse":[15],"scattering":[16],"problem.":[17],"The":[18],"retrieves":[21],"deterministic":[23],"subspace":[24],"of":[25,33,41,81,110],"induced":[28,85],"current":[29,86],"at":[30],"beginning":[32],"computation,":[36],"and":[37,63,112],"thus,":[38],"process":[40,80],"total":[43],"electric":[44],"field":[45],"approximation":[46,53],"more":[48],"accurate":[49],"than":[50,67],"does":[54],"in":[55],"VBIM.":[56,68],"Therefore,":[57],"S-VBIM":[58,111],"achieves":[59],"faster":[60],"convergence":[61],"speed":[62],"higher":[64],"solution":[65],"accuracy":[66],"addition,":[70],"since":[71],"singular":[73],"value":[74],"decomposition,":[75],"which":[76],"main":[79],"retrieving":[82],"for":[87],"radiation":[88],"operator":[89],"matrix,":[90],"only":[91],"needs":[92],"be":[94],"performed":[95],"once,":[96],"computational":[98],"cost":[99],"reduced":[101],"significantly.":[102],"Finally,":[103],"numerical":[105],"results":[106],"validate":[107],"effectiveness":[109],"comparisons":[113],"with":[114],"VBIM":[115],"are":[116],"made.":[117]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}