{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2907321681","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2018.2886606","title":"Scattering Effect Contributions to the Directional Canopy Emissivity and Brightness Temperature Based on CE-P and CBT-P Models","display_name":"Scattering Effect Contributions to the Directional Canopy Emissivity and Brightness Temperature Based on CE-P and CBT-P Models","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2907321681","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2018.2886606","mag":"2907321681"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2018.2886606","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2018.2886606","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042087940","display_name":"Mingzhu Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9017-6963"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mingzhu Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of RS and GIS, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of RS and GIS, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070484101","display_name":"Biao Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7877-8398"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128053","display_name":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth","ror":"https://ror.org/02cjszf03","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128053"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Biao Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I4210128053","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089188165","display_name":"Wenjie Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3727-4748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjie Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of RS and GIS, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of RS and GIS, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081742589","display_name":"Huazhong Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2882-308X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huazhong Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of RS and GIS, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of RS and GIS, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071818899","display_name":"Yaokui Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3113-4610"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaokui Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of RS and GIS, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of RS and GIS, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101927589","display_name":"Yongming Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7823-3566"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128053","display_name":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth","ror":"https://ror.org/02cjszf03","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128053"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongming Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I4210128053","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018009227","display_name":"Qinhuo Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3713-9511"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128053","display_name":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth","ror":"https://ror.org/02cjszf03","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128053"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166112","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05wzjqa24","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinhuo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166112","https://openalex.org/I4210128053","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042087940"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6853,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66772131,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"6","first_page":"957","last_page":"961"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10347","display_name":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emissivity","display_name":"Emissivity","score":0.8766632080078125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scattering","display_name":"Scattering","score":0.5760869383811951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.5380759835243225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiative-transfer","display_name":"Radiative transfer","score":0.5348156094551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brightness","display_name":"Brightness","score":0.4368113875389099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.379932701587677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-physics","display_name":"Computational physics","score":0.35861361026763916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3301798701286316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3270845413208008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.22936156392097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.06830406188964844}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163651212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899670","display_name":"Emissivity","level":2,"score":0.8766632080078125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.5760869383811951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5380759835243225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74902906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190858","display_name":"Radiative transfer","level":2,"score":0.5348156094551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125245961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221656","display_name":"Brightness","level":2,"score":0.4368113875389099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.379932701587677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30475298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554","display_name":"Computational physics","level":1,"score":0.35861361026763916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3301798701286316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3270845413208008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.22936156392097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.06830406188964844}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2018.2886606","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2018.2886606","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.5600000023841858,"display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3229133848","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41871258","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4059860679","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41501366","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8075693845","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41571329","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1560425405","https://openalex.org/W1974249344","https://openalex.org/W2063124853","https://openalex.org/W2066182743","https://openalex.org/W2075177482","https://openalex.org/W2078478034","https://openalex.org/W2101010747","https://openalex.org/W2146775950","https://openalex.org/W2169291048","https://openalex.org/W2417432625","https://openalex.org/W2605582374","https://openalex.org/W2624652690","https://openalex.org/W2790824198","https://openalex.org/W2863532635"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W604337090","https://openalex.org/W2083599106","https://openalex.org/W1965407013","https://openalex.org/W2044619931","https://openalex.org/W3191234214","https://openalex.org/W4384701489","https://openalex.org/W2416230169","https://openalex.org/W1654499644","https://openalex.org/W2026320590","https://openalex.org/W2592788430"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,34,199,259],"directional":[1,139,260],"anisotropy":[2,261],"of":[3,21,112,164,178,262],"canopy":[4],"emissivity":[5,83,101,124],"and":[6,62,90,155,170,187,206,221,231,247,252,269],"brightness":[7,140],"temperature":[8,141,181,190],"in":[9],"the":[10,19,44,53,81,110,121,133,138,145,203,216,232,248,267,270,276],"thermal":[11],"infrared":[12],"band":[13],"has":[14,25],"widely":[15],"been":[16,26],"studied.":[17],"However,":[18],"contribution":[20,111],"different":[22,45],"scattering":[23,46,272],"orders":[24],"an":[27,85],"open":[28],"scientific":[29],"question":[30],"for":[31,52],"many":[32],"years.":[33],"recently":[35],"proposed":[36],"CE-P":[37,148],"model":[38,135,149,205],"enables":[39],"us":[40],"to":[41,136,184,275],"analytically":[42],"evaluate":[43],"orders.":[47],"Herein,":[48],"we":[49,131],"derive":[50],"expressions":[51],"first":[54,63],"double":[55],"collisions":[56,65,116],"(DCE":[57,66,150],"<sub":[58,67,76,93,151],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[59,68,77,94,152,235],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">12</sub>":[60,95],")":[61,154],"triple":[64],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">123</sub>":[69,78,153],").":[70],"Our":[71],"result":[72],"shows":[73,108],"that":[74,91,109],"DCE":[75,92],"can":[79,117],"simulate":[80,137],"observed":[82],"with":[84,241],"error":[86],"less":[87,127,210,225,255],"than":[88,104,128,193,211,226,245,256],"0.001":[89],"is":[96,102,125,182,191,237,264],"reasonably":[97],"accurate":[98],"when":[99,120],"leaf":[100,122,185,194,253],"greater":[103,115],"0.96.":[105],"Numerical":[106],"analysis":[107],"quadruple":[113],"or":[114],"be":[118],"ignored":[119],"(soil)":[123],"no":[126],"0.90.":[129],"Furthermore,":[130],"develop":[132],"CBT-P":[134,204,220,279],"(DBT)":[142],"based":[143],"on":[144],"new":[146,277],"optimized":[147],"validate":[156],"it":[157],"by":[158,166,266],"4SAIL":[159,207,222],"(4-Stream":[160],"Radiative":[161,174],"Transfer":[162],"Theory":[163],"Scattering":[165],"Arbitrary":[167],"Inclined":[168],"Leaves)":[169],"DART":[171],"(Discrete":[172],"Anisotropic":[173],"Transfer)":[175],"models.":[176],"Both":[177],"isothermal":[179],"(soil":[180,189],"equal":[183],"temperature)":[186,195],"nonisothermal":[188],"higher":[192],"cases":[196],"are":[197,209,224],"considered.":[198],"maximum":[200],"differences":[201,218],"between":[202,219,250],"(DART)":[208,223],"0.35":[212],"K":[213,228],"(0.42":[214],"K),":[215,230],"average":[217],"0.10":[227],"(0.13":[229],"R":[233],"<sup":[234],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[236],"over":[238],"0.99":[239],"(0.95)":[240],"component":[242],"emissivities":[243],"larger":[244],"0.90":[246],"difference":[249],"soil":[251],"temperatures":[254],"20":[257],"K.":[258],"DBT":[263],"dominated":[265],"zero-scattering":[268],"single":[271],"terms":[273],"according":[274],"developed":[278],"model.":[280]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
