{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2794962500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2018.2805715","title":"Land Cover Classification Using Features Generated From Annual Time-Series Landsat Data","display_name":"Land Cover Classification Using Features Generated From Annual Time-Series Landsat Data","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-03-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2794962500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2018.2805715","mag":"2794962500"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2018.2805715","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2018.2805715","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103216853","display_name":"Jingge Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5266-7654"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingge Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5266-7654","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065652681","display_name":"Honggan Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114891","display_name":"Institute of Forest Resource Information Techniques","ror":"https://ror.org/01h5d6x15","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114891","https://openalex.org/I4210128615","https://openalex.org/I4210134523"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128615","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Forestry","ror":"https://ror.org/0360dkv71","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128615","https://openalex.org/I4210134523"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Honggan Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Forestry, Institute of Forest Resource Information Techniques, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Forestry, Institute of Forest Resource Information Techniques, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114891","https://openalex.org/I4210128615"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101452627","display_name":"Chengbo Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9779-4713"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128053","display_name":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth","ror":"https://ror.org/02cjszf03","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128053"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengbo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128053","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057806174","display_name":"Hao Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1975-4254"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128053","display_name":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth","ror":"https://ror.org/02cjszf03","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128053"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1975-4254","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128053","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6896,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83628319,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"5","first_page":"739","last_page":"743"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover","display_name":"Land cover","score":0.7881447076797485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-series","display_name":"Time series","score":0.6016120314598083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5983165502548218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","score":0.580644428730011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5714616179466248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subspace-topology","display_name":"Subspace topology","score":0.47464829683303833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.46705663204193115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.46520787477493286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cohens-kappa","display_name":"Cohen's kappa","score":0.46435216069221497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.46295222640037537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.4362157881259918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4129929542541504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.30817562341690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3051685094833374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.20096182823181152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.16741397976875305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.11574921011924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.08595240116119385}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.7881447076797485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151406439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186588","display_name":"Time series","level":2,"score":0.6016120314598083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5983165502548218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.580644428730011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5714616179466248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32834561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660730","display_name":"Subspace topology","level":2,"score":0.47464829683303833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.46705663204193115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.46520787477493286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163864269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1107106","display_name":"Cohen's kappa","level":2,"score":0.46435216069221497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.46295222640037537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.4362157881259918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4129929542541504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.30817562341690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3051685094833374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.20096182823181152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.16741397976875305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.11574921011924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.08595240116119385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2018.2805715","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2018.2805715","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.7200000286102295}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5022563076","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFB0502502","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1483493965","https://openalex.org/W1673218932","https://openalex.org/W1996777517","https://openalex.org/W2028240797","https://openalex.org/W2055718260","https://openalex.org/W2066014190","https://openalex.org/W2105090634","https://openalex.org/W2121601221","https://openalex.org/W2151456308","https://openalex.org/W2188083314","https://openalex.org/W2199321793","https://openalex.org/W2234018419","https://openalex.org/W2307094448","https://openalex.org/W2344328155","https://openalex.org/W6637193231"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2442738406","https://openalex.org/W4390240101","https://openalex.org/W4377014260","https://openalex.org/W4245827621","https://openalex.org/W1989870285","https://openalex.org/W2541496036","https://openalex.org/W4306942285","https://openalex.org/W2086835154","https://openalex.org/W2747202660","https://openalex.org/W2060895509"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,118],"objective":[1],"of":[2,98,106,112],"this":[3],"letter":[4],"is":[5,57,133],"to":[6,51,77,87],"investigate":[7],"and":[8,75,91,128,151],"demonstrate":[9],"potential":[10],"accuracy":[11,127],"improvements":[12,122],"in":[13,83,123],"land":[14,36],"cover":[15,37],"classification":[16,28,93,126],"using":[17,39],"Landsat":[18,42,62,116],"data,":[19],"by":[20,94],"integrating":[21,95],"time-series":[22,41,61],"features":[23,70],"with":[24],"a":[25,32,47,110],"specially":[26],"designed":[27],"method.":[29],"We":[30],"present":[31],"new":[33],"framework,":[34],"mapping":[35],"types":[38],"annual":[40,60],"data":[43,63],"(LandUTime),":[44],"which":[45,79],"adopts":[46],"two-stage":[48],"approach.":[49],"First,":[50],"generate":[52],"pattern":[53],"features,":[54],"regression":[55],"analysis":[56],"conducted":[58],"on":[59,114],"at":[64],"the":[65,88,96,104],"pixel":[66],"level.":[67],"Second,":[68],"all":[69],"are":[71],"packed":[72],"into":[73],"\u201cblocks\u201d":[74],"delivered":[76],"\u201cUniBagging,\u201d":[78],"organizes":[80],"base":[81,100],"classifiers":[82],"separated":[84],"sets":[85],"according":[86],"feature":[89],"subspace,":[90],"conducts":[92],"results":[97,119],"many":[99],"classifiers.":[101],"To":[102],"evaluate":[103],"effectiveness":[105],"LandUTime,":[107],"we":[108],"performed":[109],"series":[111],"experiments":[113],"six":[115],"bands.":[117],"show":[120,142],"marked":[121],"both":[124],"overall":[125],"Cohen's":[129],"kappa":[130],"coefficient.":[131],"LandUTime":[132],"particularly":[134],"promising":[135],"for":[136],"distinguishing":[137],"objects":[138],"whose":[139],"spectral":[140],"characteristics":[141],"temporal":[143],"differences,":[144],"such":[145],"as":[146],"deciduous":[147],"or":[148],"evergreen":[149],"forest":[150],"cultivated":[152],"crops.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}