{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2789711215","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2018.2801827","title":"Quantitative Stability Analysis of Ground Penetrating Radar Systems","display_name":"Quantitative Stability Analysis of Ground Penetrating Radar Systems","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-02-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2789711215","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2018.2801827","mag":"2789711215"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2018.2801827","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2018.2801827","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100697642","display_name":"Hai Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4494-1075"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37987034","display_name":"Guangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar8rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hai Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030277926","display_name":"Bangan Xing","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bangan Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Science, Institute of Electromagnetics and Acoustics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Science, Institute of Electromagnetics and Acoustics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021397849","display_name":"Jinfeng Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3666-6763"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinfeng Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Science, Institute of Electromagnetics and Acoustics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Science, Institute of Electromagnetics and Acoustics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110637545","display_name":"Bin Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2770-5527"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110458","display_name":"Institute of Electronics","ror":"https://ror.org/01z143507","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210110458"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academic of Sciences, Institute of Electronics, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academic of Sciences, Institute of Electronics, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110458"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100455764","display_name":"Fei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9157-1551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136070","display_name":"Shanghai Institute of Disaster Prevention and Relief","ror":"https://ror.org/04jfg7g12","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136070"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Institute of Disaster Prevention and Relief, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Institute of Disaster Prevention and Relief, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136070","https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101763149","display_name":"Xiongyao Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5357-4003"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiongyao Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100345153","display_name":"Qing Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5286-4423"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing Huo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100697642"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.6097,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94276444,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"4","first_page":"522","last_page":"526"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11757","display_name":"Seismic Waves and Analysis","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10271","display_name":"Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-penetrating-radar","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","score":0.9480661153793335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instability","display_name":"Instability","score":0.61726975440979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vibration","display_name":"Vibration","score":0.46264421939849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impulse-response","display_name":"Impulse response","score":0.4219706952571869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.408049613237381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4009025990962982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.3988286852836609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.3219326138496399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.226525217294693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10775616765022278}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71813955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503560","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","level":3,"score":0.9480661153793335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207821765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q405372","display_name":"Instability","level":2,"score":0.61726975440979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198394728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3695508","display_name":"Vibration","level":2,"score":0.46264421939849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72279823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139726","display_name":"Impulse response","level":2,"score":0.4219706952571869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.408049613237381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4009025990962982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3988286852836609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3219326138496399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.226525217294693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10775616765022278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2018.2801827","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2018.2801827","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4070410662","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41504111","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1988098805","https://openalex.org/W1999368936","https://openalex.org/W2013230635","https://openalex.org/W2017839254","https://openalex.org/W2028895065","https://openalex.org/W2031780626","https://openalex.org/W2049111029","https://openalex.org/W2069248767","https://openalex.org/W2070217729","https://openalex.org/W2079807349","https://openalex.org/W2083166790","https://openalex.org/W2089839637","https://openalex.org/W2156787617","https://openalex.org/W2162878435","https://openalex.org/W2465444660","https://openalex.org/W2470006108","https://openalex.org/W2556481463","https://openalex.org/W2580515805","https://openalex.org/W2906615456","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4315471419","https://openalex.org/W2946057701","https://openalex.org/W2374146176","https://openalex.org/W2366839571","https://openalex.org/W4386931161","https://openalex.org/W4223960160","https://openalex.org/W2356754952","https://openalex.org/W3090858966","https://openalex.org/W2601319996","https://openalex.org/W2524387102"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,186],"hardware":[1],"instability":[2,34,161,187,225],"of":[3,18,43,50,70,111,118,138,144,155,174,189,199,211,223,226],"a":[4,11,44,68,74,86,92,103,109,131,139,148,177,183,194,204,208,227],"ground":[5,216],"penetrating":[6],"radar":[7],"(GPR)":[8],"system":[9,46,53,89,107,229],"has":[10,130,193],"severe":[12,149],"impact":[13,150],"on":[14,63,73,91,134,151,214],"the":[15,40,48,51,60,81,135,152,156,160,190,200,215,221,224,233],"quantitative":[16],"analysis":[17],"GPR":[19,45,52,82,88,106,126,140,145,157,228],"data,":[20],"which":[21],"is":[22,36,78,96,121,218],"aimed":[23],"for":[24,123,220],"material":[25],"characterization":[26],"and":[27,47,59,159,163],"subsurface":[28],"monitoring.":[29],"In":[30],"this":[31],"letter,":[32],"an":[33,124],"index":[35,162,188],"proposed":[37],"to":[38],"quantify":[39],"stability":[41,136,153],"performance":[42,137,154],"influences":[49],"type,":[54],"warm-up":[55,116],"time,":[56],"environmental":[57],"noise,":[58],"antenna":[61],"vibration":[62],"it":[64],"are":[65],"evaluated":[66],"through":[67],"series":[69],"laboratory":[71],"experiments":[72],"sandbox":[75],"model.":[76],"It":[77],"found":[79],"that":[80,101,198],"signal":[83,192,202,213],"recorded":[84],"by":[85,102,169],"stepped-frequency":[87],"based":[90],"vector":[93],"network":[94],"analyzer":[95],"much":[97],"more":[98,112,170],"stable":[99],"than":[100,171],"commercial":[104],"impulse":[105,125],"at":[108],"cost":[110],"sweep":[113],"time.":[114],"A":[115],"time":[117],"several":[119],"minutes":[120],"enough":[122],"system.":[127,141],"Environmental":[128],"noise":[129],"negligible":[132,195],"influence":[133],"Mechanical":[142],"vibrations":[143],"antennas":[146],"have":[147],"system,":[158],"timing":[164],"jitter":[165],"can":[166],"be":[167],"increased":[168],"one":[172],"order":[173],"magnitude":[175],"in":[176,182,230,232],"vibrating":[178],"condition":[179],"over":[180],"those":[181],"static":[184],"condition.":[185],"direct":[191,212],"difference":[196],"with":[197],"reflection":[201],"from":[203],"metal":[205],"plate;":[206],"thus,":[207],"simple":[209],"measurement":[210],"surface":[217],"suggested":[219],"evaluation":[222],"field":[231],"future.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}