{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2790021535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2018.2790909","title":"Infrared Small Target Detection Utilizing the Multiscale Relative Local Contrast Measure","display_name":"Infrared Small Target Detection Utilizing the Multiscale Relative Local Contrast Measure","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-02-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2790021535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2018.2790909","mag":"2790021535"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2018.2790909","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2018.2790909","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071258855","display_name":"Jinhui Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2149-5589"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093674","display_name":"Zhoukou Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjkh886","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093674"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinhui Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093674"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057047083","display_name":"Kun Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3954-8340"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kun Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3954-8340","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100335269","display_name":"Bo Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3229-8265"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3229-8265","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100823995","display_name":"Xinying Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093674","display_name":"Zhoukou Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjkh886","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093674"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinying Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093674"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108230171","display_name":"Jie Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5695-1735"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093674","display_name":"Zhoukou Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjkh886","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093674"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093674"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102299571","display_name":"Linlin Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093674","display_name":"Zhoukou Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjkh886","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093674"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linlin Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093674"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":231.7741,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":501,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99980793,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"4","first_page":"612","last_page":"616"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14257","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11856","display_name":"Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7639225721359253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7391484975814819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant-false-alarm-rate","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","score":0.5677540302276611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5594536662101746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5459080338478088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.5296216607093811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5000503063201904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","score":0.49929046630859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.458121657371521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-alarm","display_name":"False alarm","score":0.44394317269325256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.39223432540893555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.36563605070114136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.1269901692867279}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7639225721359253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7391484975814819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77052588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644307","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","level":2,"score":0.5677540302276611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5594536662101746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5459080338478088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.5296216607093811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5000503063201904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.49929046630859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.458121657371521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776836416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364844","display_name":"False alarm","level":2,"score":0.44394317269325256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.39223432540893555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.36563605070114136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.1269901692867279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2018.2790909","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2018.2790909","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976526581","https://openalex.org/W1978993121","https://openalex.org/W2003825418","https://openalex.org/W2032135614","https://openalex.org/W2041560658","https://openalex.org/W2041646550","https://openalex.org/W2048558146","https://openalex.org/W2067173181","https://openalex.org/W2080197848","https://openalex.org/W2291670705","https://openalex.org/W2341998679","https://openalex.org/W2407220925","https://openalex.org/W2540854551","https://openalex.org/W2727626132"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2069592018","https://openalex.org/W2075740387","https://openalex.org/W4285411112","https://openalex.org/W2085033728","https://openalex.org/W2171299904","https://openalex.org/W1983393909","https://openalex.org/W2040150569","https://openalex.org/W2132174924","https://openalex.org/W1911540634","https://openalex.org/W2013909972"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Infrared":[0],"(IR)":[1],"small":[2,29,130],"target":[3],"detection":[4,7,15,65,162],"with":[5,126],"high":[6,14],"rate,":[8,12],"low":[9],"false":[10],"alarm":[11],"and":[13,35,52,99,135,140],"speed":[16],"has":[17,77,136,149],"a":[18,63,78,137],"significant":[19],"value,":[20],"but":[21],"it":[22],"is":[23,74,85,111,156],"usually":[24,32],"very":[25,33,157],"difficult":[26],"since":[27],"the":[28,55,68,82,91,102,121,146,150,161],"targets":[30,51,98,131],"are":[31],"dim":[34],"may":[36],"be":[37],"easily":[38],"drowned":[39],"in":[40],"different":[41,127],"types":[42,56,103],"of":[43,57,90,104,129,152],"interferences.":[44],"Current":[45],"algorithms":[46],"cannot":[47],"effectively":[48],"enhance":[49,96],"real":[50,97,115],"suppress":[53,100],"all":[54,101],"interferences":[58,105],"simultaneously.":[59],"In":[60],"this":[61],"letter,":[62],"multiscale":[64,83],"algorithm":[66,123,148],"utilizing":[67],"relative":[69],"local":[70],"contrast":[71],"measure":[72],"(RLCM)":[73],"proposed.":[75],"It":[76],"simple":[79],"structure:":[80],"first,":[81],"RLCM":[84],"calculated":[86],"for":[87,159],"each":[88],"pixel":[89],"raw":[92],"IR":[93],"image":[94],"to":[95,113],"simultaneously;":[106],"then,":[107],"an":[108],"adaptive":[109],"threshold":[110],"applied":[112],"extract":[114],"targets.":[116],"Experimental":[117],"results":[118],"show":[119],"that":[120],"proposed":[122,147],"can":[124],"deal":[125],"sizes":[128],"under":[132],"complex":[133],"backgrounds":[134],"better":[138],"effectiveness":[139],"robustness":[141],"against":[142],"existing":[143],"algorithms.":[144],"Besides,":[145],"potential":[151],"parallel":[153],"processing,":[154],"which":[155],"useful":[158],"improving":[160],"speed.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":101},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":88},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":103},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":68},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":50},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
