{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2508992954","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2016.2600620","title":"Sea-State Observation Using Reflected BeiDou GEO Signals in Frequency Domain","display_name":"Sea-State Observation Using Reflected BeiDou GEO Signals in Frequency Domain","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-09-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2508992954","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2016.2600620","mag":"2508992954"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2016.2600620","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2016.2600620","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101743303","display_name":"Feng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9046-3388"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9046-3388","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100335300","display_name":"Bo Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6472-5313"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024150556","display_name":"Dongkai Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4642-4557"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongkai Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100681440","display_name":"Weiqiang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6215-7607"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiqiang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101066133","display_name":"Yunlong Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunlong Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1885,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78304248,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"11","first_page":"1656","last_page":"1660"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-density","display_name":"Spectral density","score":0.555756151676178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.48892250657081604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4567521810531616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.453801691532135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.44295698404312134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orbit","display_name":"Orbit (dynamics)","score":0.4417336881160736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/root-mean-square","display_name":"Root mean square","score":0.41939878463745117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.35343626141548157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.31023669242858887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.21809881925582886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.20398196578025818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.203718364238739}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168110828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331626","display_name":"Spectral density","level":2,"score":0.555756151676178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.48892250657081604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4567521810531616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.453801691532135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.44295698404312134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196644772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3884964","display_name":"Orbit (dynamics)","level":2,"score":0.4417336881160736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71907059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223323","display_name":"Root mean square","level":2,"score":0.41939878463745117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.35343626141548157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.31023669242858887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.21809881925582886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.20398196578025818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.203718364238739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2016.2600620","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2016.2600620","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.8299999833106995}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1992581855","display_name":"GNSS\u6d77\u9762\u9ad8\u5ea6\u53cd\u6f14\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61171070","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W67707999","https://openalex.org/W210359992","https://openalex.org/W1529306835","https://openalex.org/W1840723247","https://openalex.org/W1974480218","https://openalex.org/W1978778560","https://openalex.org/W1996689350","https://openalex.org/W1996869837","https://openalex.org/W2023488014","https://openalex.org/W2029279877","https://openalex.org/W2037326543","https://openalex.org/W2049880892","https://openalex.org/W2062324699","https://openalex.org/W2104461599","https://openalex.org/W2104968029","https://openalex.org/W2105484143","https://openalex.org/W2106822551","https://openalex.org/W2107580583","https://openalex.org/W2113760121","https://openalex.org/W2119877494","https://openalex.org/W2979562478","https://openalex.org/W6657884500"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2102148524","https://openalex.org/W2314720829","https://openalex.org/W2121524756","https://openalex.org/W782553550","https://openalex.org/W4385074335","https://openalex.org/W2633218168","https://openalex.org/W2031162217","https://openalex.org/W2321513471","https://openalex.org/W3011360042","https://openalex.org/W2188405986"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"letter":[1],"focuses":[2],"on":[3,59,122],"exploiting":[4],"parameters,":[5],"including":[6],"peak":[7,106,209],"power":[8],"spectral":[9],"density":[10],"(PSD),":[11],"integrated":[12],"power,":[13],"mean":[14,108,212],"frequency,":[15,109,213],"and":[16,53,87,110,190,211,222,225,232,248,271],"spectrum":[17,111,205],"width":[18,112],"of":[19,33,42,49,76,113,136,153,159,185,194,220,227,230,268,279],"reflected":[20,34,114,145],"BeiDou":[21,78],"signals":[22,35,115,146],"in":[23,95,139],"the":[24,43,47,69,105,130,134,157,180,191,204,266,277,280],"frequency":[25],"domain,":[26],"to":[27,67,143],"retrieve":[28],"wind":[29,97,123],"speed.":[30],"The":[31,73],"PSD":[32,50,62,71,210],"is":[36,56,147,238,265,276],"estimated":[37,61,74],"after":[38],"choosing":[39],"proper":[40],"parameters":[41,75],"Welch":[44],"method.":[45],"Then,":[46],"features":[48],"are":[51,92,234],"illustrated,":[52],"a":[54,64],"method":[55],"proposed":[57],"based":[58],"fitting":[60],"with":[63,94,126,208,217],"Gaussian":[65],"function":[66],"evaluate":[68],"aforementioned":[70],"parameters.":[72],"collected":[77],"medium":[79],"earth":[80],"orbit":[81,85,89],"(MEO)/inclined":[82],"geosynchronous":[83],"satellite":[84],"(IGSO)":[86],"geostationary":[88],"(GEO)":[90],"data":[91],"fitted":[93],"situ":[96],"speed":[98],"using":[99],"polynomial.":[100],"Fitting":[101],"results":[102],"show":[103,150],"that":[104,151],"PSD,":[107],"from":[116,203],"GEO":[117],"have":[118],"more":[119],"evident":[120],"dependence":[121],"speed,":[124],"compared":[125,207],"MEO/IGSO.":[127],"To":[128],"obtain":[129],"most":[131],"accurate":[132],"results,":[133,216],"impact":[135],"delay":[137,154,237,267],"used":[138],"lagging":[140],"direct":[141],"replica":[142],"align":[144],"analyzed.":[148],"Results":[149],"regardless":[152],"locating":[155],"within":[156],"interval":[158],"[\u03c4":[160],"<sub":[161,166,171,176,240,245,250,255,262,273],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[162,167,172,177,241,246,251,256,263,274],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">0</sub>":[163,173,242,252,264],"-":[164,243],"\u03c4":[165,170,175,239,249,261,272],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">c</sub>":[168,178,247,257,275],",":[169,258],"+":[174,253],"],":[179],"better":[181],"root-mean-square":[182],"error":[183],"(rmse)":[184],"less":[186],"than":[187],"1.7":[188],"m/s":[189,224],"larger":[192],"coefficient":[193,226],"determination":[195,228],"over":[196],"0.8":[197],"can":[198],"be":[199],"obtained":[200,235],"by":[201],"retrieving":[202],"width,":[206],"whose":[214],"optimal":[215],"rmse":[218],"values":[219,229],"2.03":[221],"1.70":[223],"0.73":[231],"0.81,":[233],"as":[236],"0.85\u03c4":[244],"0.9\u03c4":[254],"respectively,":[259],"where":[260],"specular":[269],"reflection,":[270],"length":[278],"B1":[281],"code.":[282]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}