{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2502515644","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2016.2584109","title":"Individual Tree Delineation in Windbreaks Using Airborne-Laser-Scanning Data and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Stereo Images","display_name":"Individual Tree Delineation in Windbreaks Using Airborne-Laser-Scanning Data and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Stereo Images","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-07-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2502515644","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2016.2584109","mag":"2502515644"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2016.2584109","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2016.2584109","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100407359","display_name":"Dong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7148-6851"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128053","display_name":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth","ror":"https://ror.org/02cjszf03","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128053"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128053","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073894089","display_name":"Huadong Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0337-1862"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128053","display_name":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth","ror":"https://ror.org/02cjszf03","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128053"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huadong Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128053","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113223840","display_name":"Cheng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9145-833X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128053","display_name":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth","ror":"https://ror.org/02cjszf03","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128053"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128053","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100382402","display_name":"Li Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2929-4255"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128053","display_name":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth","ror":"https://ror.org/02cjszf03","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128053"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128053","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100734697","display_name":"Han Y. H. Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9477-5541"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61057504","display_name":"Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04kx2sy84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61057504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanyue Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61057504"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112745986","display_name":"Zhengli Zuo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128053","display_name":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth","ror":"https://ror.org/02cjszf03","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128053"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengli Zuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128053","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100407359"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128053"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3879,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8702068,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"9","first_page":"1330","last_page":"1334"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12383","display_name":"Aeolian processes and effects","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.7514118552207947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/windbreak","display_name":"Windbreak","score":0.7399977445602417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6966320872306824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.5929446816444397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canopy","display_name":"Canopy","score":0.5911349058151245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-elevation-model","display_name":"Digital elevation model","score":0.5832534432411194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crown","display_name":"Crown (dentistry)","score":0.5662169456481934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-scanning","display_name":"Laser scanning","score":0.5607579946517944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4934326708316803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.4929697513580322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elevation","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","score":0.4395967423915863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4015633463859558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.3156626224517822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2761141359806061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2688576281070709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agroforestry","display_name":"Agroforestry","score":0.14618244767189026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.13104718923568726}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.7514118552207947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140857803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039061","display_name":"Windbreak","level":2,"score":0.7399977445602417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6966320872306824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.5929446816444397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101000010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5033434","display_name":"Canopy","level":2,"score":0.5911349058151245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181843262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640492","display_name":"Digital elevation model","level":2,"score":0.5832534432411194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778400979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q143720","display_name":"Crown (dentistry)","level":2,"score":0.5662169456481934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141349535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361664","display_name":"Laser scanning","level":3,"score":0.5607579946517944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4934326708316803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.4929697513580322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37054046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641888","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","level":2,"score":0.4395967423915863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4015633463859558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3156626224517822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2761141359806061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2688576281070709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54286561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q397350","display_name":"Agroforestry","level":1,"score":0.14618244767189026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.13104718923568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2016.2584109","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2016.2584109","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.4099999964237213}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1592624006","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41401399.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5273138229","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"91125003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W563406589","https://openalex.org/W1522525389","https://openalex.org/W1966579280","https://openalex.org/W1982788959","https://openalex.org/W1987267031","https://openalex.org/W1988452388","https://openalex.org/W1991739869","https://openalex.org/W1994434338","https://openalex.org/W1998943389","https://openalex.org/W2010371988","https://openalex.org/W2019549520","https://openalex.org/W2021651338","https://openalex.org/W2039908062","https://openalex.org/W2061407689","https://openalex.org/W2083565284","https://openalex.org/W2086783159","https://openalex.org/W2091701868","https://openalex.org/W2121748258","https://openalex.org/W2145243492","https://openalex.org/W2147550651","https://openalex.org/W2158411533","https://openalex.org/W2165148193","https://openalex.org/W2213617029","https://openalex.org/W2268784307","https://openalex.org/W2348044690","https://openalex.org/W2372058158","https://openalex.org/W4385168886"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2088131065","https://openalex.org/W2005998065","https://openalex.org/W4323518558","https://openalex.org/W2001220299","https://openalex.org/W2286704396","https://openalex.org/W3196715007","https://openalex.org/W2366440988","https://openalex.org/W2358582870","https://openalex.org/W4293059742","https://openalex.org/W4324133428"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"letter":[1,155],"is":[2,189],"aimed":[3],"to":[4,55],"compare":[5],"the":[6,28,41,46,57,62,71,85,91,121,130,135,144,149,160,164,174,186,204],"performance":[7,100],"of":[8,30,77,124,138,151,170,176,207],"canopy":[9],"height":[10,33],"models":[11],"(CHMs)":[12],"derived":[13],"from":[14,45,148],"airborne":[15],"laser":[16],"scanning":[17],"(ALS)":[18],"data":[19,103,108],"and":[20,34,70,74,115,134,167],"unmanned":[21],"aerial":[22],"vehicle":[23],"(UAV)":[24],"stereo":[25,87,183],"images":[26,184],"in":[27,129,143,173,191,196],"extraction":[29],"individual":[31,177,193],"tree":[32,194],"crown":[35,58],"size.":[36,59],"Treetops":[37],"were":[38,79],"identified":[39],"using":[40],"local":[42],"maximum":[43],"algorithm":[44],"Gaussian":[47],"filtered":[48],"CHMs.":[49],"A":[50],"parabola":[51],"fitting":[52],"was":[53],"used":[54],"determine":[56],"Factors":[60],"affecting":[61],"delineation":[63,175],"results,":[64],"such":[65],"as":[66],"point":[67,152],"cloud":[68],"density":[69],"spatial":[72,165],"distribution":[73,166],"growing":[75,168],"status":[76,169],"trees,":[78],"analyzed.":[80],"The":[81,110],"results":[82],"showed":[83],"that":[84,163],"UAV":[86,128,182],"images,":[88],"together":[89],"with":[90,120,185],"ALS-derived":[92,187],"digital":[93],"elevation":[94],"model":[95],"(DEM),":[96],"can":[97],"achieve":[98],"better":[99],"than":[101],"ALS":[102,142],"alone":[104],"based":[105],"on":[106,159],"our":[107],"set.":[109],"match":[111],"ratio":[112,123,137],"between":[113],"delineated":[114],"field-measured":[116],"trees":[117,171],"varied":[118],"significantly,":[119],"highest":[122],"66.94%":[125],"obtained":[126,140],"by":[127,141],"young":[131],"aspen":[132],"forest":[133],"lowest":[136],"33.76%":[139],"old":[145],"forest.":[146],"Aside":[147],"influence":[150],"density,":[153],"this":[154],"also":[156],"shed":[157],"light":[158],"important":[161],"role":[162],"play":[172],"trees.":[178],"To":[179],"conclude,":[180],"integrating":[181],"DEM":[188],"effective":[190],"delineating":[192],"attributes":[195],"small-scale":[197],"windbreaks,":[198],"which":[199],"provides":[200],"some":[201],"suggestions":[202],"for":[203],"future":[205],"management":[206],"agriculture":[208],"land.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}