{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2248904486","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2015.2509500","title":"Validation of the TanDEM-X Intermediate Digital Elevation Model With Airborne LiDAR and Differential GNSS in Kruger National Park","display_name":"Validation of the TanDEM-X Intermediate Digital Elevation Model With Airborne LiDAR and Differential GNSS in Kruger National Park","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2248904486","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2015.2509500","mag":"2248904486"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2015.2509500","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2015.2509500","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2015.2509500","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018226678","display_name":"Heiko Balzter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9053-4684"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"H. Balzter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Landscape and Climate Research, University of Leicester, Leicester, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Landscape and Climate Research, University of Leicester, Leicester, U.K","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078223207","display_name":"Jussi Baade","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9878-7232"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76198965","display_name":"Friedrich Schiller University Jena","ror":"https://ror.org/05qpz1x62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76198965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Baade","raw_affiliation_strings":["Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76198965"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039749301","display_name":"Karyne M. Rogers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8464-4337"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Rogers","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018226678"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.73902253,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96304863,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"2","first_page":"277","last_page":"281"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-elevation-model","display_name":"Digital elevation model","score":0.7874688506126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.753223717212677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elevation","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","score":0.7401549220085144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.7187702059745789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.6411924362182617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.5832798480987549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferometric-synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar","score":0.4863603711128235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4486550986766815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain","display_name":"Terrain","score":0.44786328077316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.43068206310272217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landform","display_name":"Landform","score":0.4284389019012451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.4282558262348175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-gps","display_name":"Differential GPS","score":0.4134174883365631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.3706137537956238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.3461822271347046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.24409738183021545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.21491435170173645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geomorphology","display_name":"Geomorphology","score":0.1121944785118103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.08711284399032593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.08138865232467651}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181843262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640492","display_name":"Digital elevation model","level":2,"score":0.7874688506126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.753223717212677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37054046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641888","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","level":2,"score":0.7401549220085144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.7187702059745789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.6411924362182617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.5832798480987549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22286887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666056","display_name":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar","level":3,"score":0.4863603711128235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4486550986766815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.44786328077316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.43068206310272217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108497213","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q271669","display_name":"Landform","level":2,"score":0.4284389019012451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.4282558262348175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777928014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779225","display_name":"Differential GPS","level":3,"score":0.4134174883365631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.3706137537956238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.3461822271347046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.24409738183021545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.21491435170173645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.1121944785118103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.08711284399032593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.08138865232467651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2015.2509500","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2015.2509500","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lra.le.ac.uk:2381/37847","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2381/37847","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402365","display_name":"Leicester Research Archive (University of Leicester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I153648349","host_organization_name":"University of Leicester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2015.2509500","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2015.2509500","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.6299999952316284}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4061351200","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"nceo020005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320022","funder_display_name":"Sight Research UK"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4076460521","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"nceo020005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","funder_display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6739395446","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"J. Baade, ref BA 1377/12-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320022","display_name":"Sight Research UK","ror":"https://ror.org/03z2py885"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321602","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/02b5d8509"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W188386831","https://openalex.org/W876387570","https://openalex.org/W1967020891","https://openalex.org/W1992053024","https://openalex.org/W2025349015","https://openalex.org/W2084557967","https://openalex.org/W2088449361","https://openalex.org/W2107318634","https://openalex.org/W2171466305","https://openalex.org/W2489291170","https://openalex.org/W2589999356","https://openalex.org/W6607612274","https://openalex.org/W6624001167","https://openalex.org/W6722411986"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2375969670","https://openalex.org/W3002065998","https://openalex.org/W2382147371","https://openalex.org/W4321493663","https://openalex.org/W2765506514","https://openalex.org/W1527642193","https://openalex.org/W2544666549","https://openalex.org/W2044902118","https://openalex.org/W2357112104","https://openalex.org/W2093343221"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,44,103,127],"recently":[1],"released":[2],"TanDEM-X":[3],"intermediate":[4],"digital":[5],"elevation":[6,17,109],"model":[7],"(IDEM)":[8],"product":[9],"by":[10,82,99,113],"the":[11,36,52,56,63,88,91,107,123,134,142,145,165],"German":[12],"Aerospace":[13],"Center":[14],"(DLR)":[15],"provides":[16],"models":[18],"at":[19,59,137],"12-m":[20],"spatial":[21],"resolution":[22,125],"and":[23,85,87,93,118,174],"above.":[24],"It":[25],"was":[26,49],"derived":[27],"from":[28],"bistatic":[29],"synthetic":[30],"aperture":[31],"radar":[32],"(SAR)":[33],"interferometry":[34],"using":[35],"two":[37],"TerraSAR-X":[38],"satellites":[39],"flying":[40],"in":[41,62,133,183],"close":[42],"constellation.":[43],"aim":[45],"of":[46,55,144,178],"this":[47],"study":[48,60],"to":[50],"validate":[51],"vertical":[53],"accuracy":[54],"IDEM":[57,108,124,166],"data":[58,110,167],"sites":[61],"Kruger":[64],"National":[65],"Park,":[66],"South":[67],"Africa.":[68],"Two":[69],"validation":[70],"locations":[71],"are":[72,111,131,161],"presented:":[73],"a":[74,138,175],"dried":[75],"up":[76],"former":[77],"reservoir":[78],"(Nhlanganzwani":[79],"Dam)":[80],"characterized":[81,98],"bare":[83],"soil":[84],"grassland":[86],"peninsula":[89],"between":[90],"Sabie":[92],"Sand":[94],"Rivers":[95],"near":[96],"Skukuza":[97],"dense":[100],"woody":[101],"cover.":[102],"results":[104],"show":[105],"that":[106],"affected":[112],"residual":[114],"vegetation":[115],"canopy":[116,135],"height":[117,140],"landform":[119],"features":[120],"smaller":[121],"than":[122,141,180],"cell.":[126],"scattering":[128],"phase":[129],"centers":[130],"located":[132],"but":[136],"lower":[139],"location":[143],"LiDAR":[146,152],"first":[147],"return":[148],"signal.":[149],"When":[150],"only":[151],"ground":[153,158],"hits":[154],"or":[155],"differential":[156],"GNSS":[157],"survey":[159],"points":[160],"used":[162],"for":[163],"comparison,":[164],"have":[168],"an":[169],"rmse":[170],"&lt;;":[171],"1":[172],"m":[173,182],"small":[176],"bias":[177],"less":[179],"0.25":[181],"moderate":[184],"terrain.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-02-09T09:26:11.010843","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
