{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1498015556","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2015.2448937","title":"Local Parameter Estimation of Topographic Normalization for Forest Type Classification","display_name":"Local Parameter Estimation of Topographic Normalization for Forest Type Classification","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-07-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1498015556","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2015.2448937","mag":"1498015556"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2015.2448937","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2015.2448937","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064738557","display_name":"Dengkui Mo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7894-0359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74656192","display_name":"University of G\u00f6ttingen","ror":"https://ror.org/01y9bpm73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74656192"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dengkui Mo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair of Forest Inventory and Remote Sensing, Burckhardt Institute, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of G\u00f6ttingen, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany","Burckhardt Inst., Univ. of Gottingen, Gottingen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Forest Inventory and Remote Sensing, Burckhardt Institute, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of G\u00f6ttingen, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74656192"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Burckhardt Inst., Univ. of Gottingen, Gottingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74656192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084987223","display_name":"Hans U. Fuchs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4699-033X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74656192","display_name":"University of G\u00f6ttingen","ror":"https://ror.org/01y9bpm73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74656192"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hans Fuchs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair of Forest Inventory and Remote Sensing, Burckhardt Institute, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of G\u00f6ttingen, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany","Burckhardt Inst., Univ. of Gottingen, Gottingen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Forest Inventory and Remote Sensing, Burckhardt Institute, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of G\u00f6ttingen, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74656192"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Burckhardt Inst., Univ. of Gottingen, Gottingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74656192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084051373","display_name":"Lutz Fehrmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7560-2597"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74656192","display_name":"University of G\u00f6ttingen","ror":"https://ror.org/01y9bpm73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74656192"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lutz Fehrmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair of Forest Inventory and Remote Sensing, Burckhardt Institute, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of G\u00f6ttingen, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany","Burckhardt Inst., Univ. of Gottingen, Gottingen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Forest Inventory and Remote Sensing, Burckhardt Institute, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of G\u00f6ttingen, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74656192"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Burckhardt Inst., Univ. of Gottingen, Gottingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74656192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058675840","display_name":"Haijun Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8941-7571"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74656192","display_name":"University of G\u00f6ttingen","ror":"https://ror.org/01y9bpm73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74656192"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haijun Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair of Forest Inventory and Remote Sensing, Burckhardt Institute, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of G\u00f6ttingen, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany","Burckhardt Inst., Univ. of Gottingen, Gottingen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Forest Inventory and Remote Sensing, Burckhardt Institute, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of G\u00f6ttingen, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74656192"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Burckhardt Inst., Univ. of Gottingen, Gottingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74656192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103159145","display_name":"Yuanchang Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114891","display_name":"Institute of Forest Resource Information Techniques","ror":"https://ror.org/01h5d6x15","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114891","https://openalex.org/I4210128615","https://openalex.org/I4210134523"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128615","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Forestry","ror":"https://ror.org/0360dkv71","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128615","https://openalex.org/I4210134523"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanchang Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute of Forest Resource Information Techniques, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China","Res. Inst. of Forest Resource Inf. Tech., Chinese Acad. of Forestry, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of Forest Resource Information Techniques, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114891","https://openalex.org/I4210128615"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Res. Inst. of Forest Resource Inf. Tech., Chinese Acad. of Forestry, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114891"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068954980","display_name":"Christoph Kleinn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8625-3492"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74656192","display_name":"University of G\u00f6ttingen","ror":"https://ror.org/01y9bpm73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74656192"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christoph Kleinn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair of Forest Inventory and Remote Sensing, Burckhardt Institute, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of G\u00f6ttingen, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany","Burckhardt Inst., Univ. of Gottingen, Gottingen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Forest Inventory and Remote Sensing, Burckhardt Institute, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of G\u00f6ttingen, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74656192"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Burckhardt Inst., Univ. of Gottingen, Gottingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74656192"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064738557"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74656192"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9141,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76721433,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"9","first_page":"1998","last_page":"2002"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6698073148727417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain","display_name":"Terrain","score":0.650230884552002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.6304112076759338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover","display_name":"Land cover","score":0.5851534605026245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.5749635100364685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5566224455833435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-imagery","display_name":"Satellite imagery","score":0.4874260723590851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.45180028676986694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/a-priori-and-a-posteriori","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","score":0.45114466547966003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-elevation-model","display_name":"Digital elevation model","score":0.4411603808403015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36173897981643677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1547831892967224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.13793134689331055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"Land use","score":0.11433678865432739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.1012130081653595}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6698073148727417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.650230884552002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.6304112076759338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.5851534605026245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.5749635100364685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5566224455833435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778102629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725252","display_name":"Satellite imagery","level":2,"score":0.4874260723590851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.45180028676986694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75553542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178161","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","level":2,"score":0.45114466547966003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181843262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640492","display_name":"Digital elevation model","level":2,"score":0.4411603808403015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36173897981643677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1547831892967224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.13793134689331055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.11433678865432739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.1012130081653595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2015.2448937","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2015.2448937","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.7200000286102295}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G197492147","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"31470643","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3076171257","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"31100412","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321435","display_name":"Anhui University","ror":"https://ror.org/05th6yx34"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323156","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Forestry","ror":"https://ror.org/0360dkv71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323887","display_name":"Anhui Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/0327f3359"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W48146052","https://openalex.org/W1969910334","https://openalex.org/W1980378639","https://openalex.org/W1991320075","https://openalex.org/W2017761002","https://openalex.org/W2025215020","https://openalex.org/W2056013520","https://openalex.org/W2070939483","https://openalex.org/W2101051003","https://openalex.org/W2135053426","https://openalex.org/W2163980598","https://openalex.org/W6601962750"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2591697403","https://openalex.org/W2953716828","https://openalex.org/W2904857019","https://openalex.org/W2944728705","https://openalex.org/W3011538607","https://openalex.org/W2904022177","https://openalex.org/W2359348847","https://openalex.org/W4321441197","https://openalex.org/W4294432981","https://openalex.org/W4321276295"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Radiometric":[0],"distortions":[1],"caused":[2],"by":[3],"rugged":[4],"terrain":[5,147],"make":[6],"the":[7,38,123,130,159,210,226],"classification":[8],"of":[9,32,48,167,186,200,214],"forest":[10,150,188,201],"types":[11],"from":[12,51,95],"satellite":[13,54,236],"imagery":[14,128],"a":[15,45,52,78,99,109,165,177,211,230],"challenge.":[16],"Various":[17],"band-specific":[18],"topographic":[19,115],"normalization":[20,116],"models":[21,34],"are":[22],"expected":[23],"to":[24,40,62,228],"eliminate":[25],"or":[26,175],"reduce":[27],"these":[28,33,49],"effects.":[29],"The":[30,182,204],"quality":[31],"also":[35],"depends":[36],"on":[37],"approach":[39,233],"estimate":[41],"empirical":[42],"parameters.":[43],"Generally,":[44],"global":[46,178],"estimation":[47,112,180],"parameters":[50,90],"whole":[53],"image":[55,174],"is":[56],"simple,":[57],"but":[58,74],"it":[59,75,195],"may":[60],"tend":[61],"overcorrection,":[63],"particularly":[64,238],"for":[65,114,234,239],"larger":[66],"areas.":[67],"A":[68],"land-cover-specific":[69],"method":[70,113,124,161,206,224],"usually":[71],"performs":[72],"better,":[73],"requires":[76],"obtaining":[77],"priori":[79,212],"land":[80,215],"classification,":[81],"which":[82],"presents":[83],"another":[84],"challenge":[85],"in":[86,98,144],"many":[87],"cases.":[88],"Empirical":[89],"can":[91,196],"be":[92,229],"directly":[93],"estimated":[94],"local":[96,118],"pixels":[97],"given":[100],"window.":[101],"In":[102],"this":[103,223],"letter,":[104],"we":[105],"propose":[106],"and":[107,129,135,154,194,219],"evaluate":[108],"central-pixel-based":[110],"parameter":[111,179],"using":[117],"window":[119,168],"pixels.":[120],"We":[121],"tested":[122],"with":[125,148,171,176],"Landsat":[126],"8":[127],"Advanced":[131],"Spaceborne":[132],"Thermal":[133],"Emission":[134],"Reflection":[136],"Radiometer":[137],"Global":[138],"Digital":[139],"Elevation":[140],"Model":[141],"(ASTER":[142],"GDEM)":[143],"very":[145],"rough":[146,240],"diverse":[149],"types.":[151],"Visual":[152],"comparison":[153],"statistical":[155],"analyses":[156],"showed":[157],"that":[158,222],"proposed":[160,205],"performed":[162],"better":[163],"at":[164],"range":[166],"sizes":[169],"compared":[170],"an":[172],"uncorrected":[173],"approach.":[181],"intraclass":[183],"spectral":[184],"variability":[185],"each":[187],"type":[189,202],"has":[190,225],"been":[191],"reduced":[192],"significantly,":[193],"yield":[197],"higher":[198],"accuracy":[199],"classification.":[203],"does":[207],"not":[208],"require":[209],"knowledge":[213],"covers.":[216],"Its":[217],"simplicity":[218],"robustness":[220],"suggest":[221],"potential":[227],"standard":[231],"preprocessing":[232],"optical":[235],"imagery,":[237],"terrain.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}