{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1557452405","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2015.2429894","title":"Unsupervised Detection of Earthquake-Triggered Roof-Holes From UAV Images Using Joint Color and Shape Features","display_name":"Unsupervised Detection of Earthquake-Triggered Roof-Holes From UAV Images Using Joint Color and Shape Features","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-05-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1557452405","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2015.2429894","mag":"1557452405"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2015.2429894","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2015.2429894","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028039928","display_name":"Shaodan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5908-4999"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768099","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology","ror":"https://ror.org/050mxte83","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941","https://openalex.org/I4391768099"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaodan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology and the Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Natural Disaster, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","State Key Lab. of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology; Beijing Normal Univ.; Beijing China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology and the Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Natural Disaster, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941","https://openalex.org/I4391768099"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab. of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology; Beijing Normal Univ.; Beijing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113495049","display_name":"Hong Tang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768099","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology","ror":"https://ror.org/050mxte83","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941","https://openalex.org/I4391768099"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology and the Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Natural Disaster, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","State Key Lab. of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology; Beijing Normal Univ.; Beijing China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology and the Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Natural Disaster, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941","https://openalex.org/I4391768099"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab. of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology; Beijing Normal Univ.; Beijing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106760865","display_name":"Shi He","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768099","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology","ror":"https://ror.org/050mxte83","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941","https://openalex.org/I4391768099"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shi He","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology and the Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Natural Disaster, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","State Key Lab. of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology; Beijing Normal Univ.; Beijing China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology and the Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Natural Disaster, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941","https://openalex.org/I4391768099"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab. of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology; Beijing Normal Univ.; Beijing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100689675","display_name":"Shu Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1587-0474"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768099","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology","ror":"https://ror.org/050mxte83","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941","https://openalex.org/I4391768099"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Shu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology and the Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Natural Disaster, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","State Key Lab. of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology; Beijing Normal Univ.; Beijing China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology and the Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Natural Disaster, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941","https://openalex.org/I4391768099"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab. of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology; Beijing Normal Univ.; Beijing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114547020","display_name":"Ting Mao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8926-8474"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768099","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology","ror":"https://ror.org/050mxte83","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941","https://openalex.org/I4391768099"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology and the Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Natural Disaster, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","State Key Lab. of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology; Beijing Normal Univ.; Beijing China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology and the Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Natural Disaster, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941","https://openalex.org/I4391768099"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab. of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology; Beijing Normal Univ.; Beijing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100337102","display_name":"Jing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3277-6818"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768099","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology","ror":"https://ror.org/050mxte83","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941","https://openalex.org/I4391768099"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology and the Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Natural Disaster, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","State Key Lab. of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology; Beijing Normal Univ.; Beijing China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology and the Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Natural Disaster, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941","https://openalex.org/I4391768099"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab. of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology; Beijing Normal Univ.; Beijing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048512059","display_name":"Zhihua Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3482-2072"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768099","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology","ror":"https://ror.org/050mxte83","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941","https://openalex.org/I4391768099"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihua Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology and the Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Natural Disaster, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","State Key Lab. of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology; Beijing Normal Univ.; Beijing China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology and the Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Natural Disaster, Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941","https://openalex.org/I4391768099"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab. of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology; Beijing Normal Univ.; Beijing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.5015,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":59,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97927018,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"9","first_page":"1823","last_page":"1827"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/roof","display_name":"Roof","score":0.6773172616958618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6506324410438538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5438083410263062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5303635597229004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.41330233216285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3910900056362152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.19544389843940735}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776748203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83180","display_name":"Roof","level":2,"score":0.6773172616958618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6506324410438538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5438083410263062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5303635597229004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.41330233216285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3910900056362152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.19544389843940735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2015.2429894","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2015.2429894","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8199999928474426}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2359881742","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NECT-11-0039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334924","funder_display_name":"Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3588728307","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2011CB707102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334924","display_name":"Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W259126857","https://openalex.org/W304203135","https://openalex.org/W1571356903","https://openalex.org/W1576953024","https://openalex.org/W1965243553","https://openalex.org/W1986043678","https://openalex.org/W2015741970","https://openalex.org/W2027000042","https://openalex.org/W2028842634","https://openalex.org/W2035971915","https://openalex.org/W2074823111","https://openalex.org/W2082081125","https://openalex.org/W2083157767","https://openalex.org/W2113282793","https://openalex.org/W2130334431","https://openalex.org/W2135431554","https://openalex.org/W2158039648","https://openalex.org/W2158266063","https://openalex.org/W2162362021","https://openalex.org/W2162703999","https://openalex.org/W2166595361","https://openalex.org/W2375199927","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4385226295","https://openalex.org/W6609729451"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2775347418","https://openalex.org/W1969923398","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2079911747"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"methods":[1],"have":[2],"been":[3,16],"developed":[4],"to":[5,10,18,31,71],"detect":[6,32],"damaged":[7],"buildings":[8],"due":[9],"earthquake.":[11],"However,":[12],"little":[13],"attention":[14],"has":[15],"paid":[17],"analyze":[19],"slightly":[20],"affected":[21],"buildings.":[22],"In":[23],"this":[24],"letter,":[25],"an":[26,73],"unsupervised":[27,74],"method":[28,107],"is":[29,69,108],"presented":[30],"earthquake-triggered":[33],"\u201c":[34],"<italic":[35],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[36],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">roof-holes</i>":[37],"\u201d":[38],"on":[39,93],"rural":[40,94],"houses":[41,95],"from":[42,56],"unmanned":[43],"aerial":[44],"vehicle":[45],"(UAV)":[46],"images.":[47,61,90],"First,":[48],"both":[49,85,113],"orthomosaic":[50,87],"and":[51,88,115],"gradient":[52,89],"images":[53],"are":[54,96],"generated":[55],"a":[57,63],"set":[58],"of":[59,76,104,112],"UAV":[60],"Then,":[62],"modified":[64],"Chinese":[65],"restaurant":[66],"franchise":[67],"model":[68,75],"used":[70],"learn":[72],"the":[77,81,99,105],"geo-object":[78],"classes":[79],"in":[80,110],"area":[82],"by":[83],"fusing":[84],"oversegmented":[86],"Finally,":[91],"\u201croof-holes\u201d":[92],"detected":[97],"using":[98],"learned":[100],"model.":[101],"The":[102],"performance":[103],"proposed":[106],"evaluated":[109],"terms":[111],"qualitative":[114],"quantitative":[116],"indexes.":[117]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}