{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2116495358","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2015.2409025","title":"Experimental Validation of the Quadratic Forward Model for RF Tomography","display_name":"Experimental Validation of the Quadratic Forward Model for RF Tomography","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-03-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2116495358","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2015.2409025","mag":"2116495358"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2015.2409025","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2015.2409025","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Experimental_Validation_of_the_Quadratic_Forward_Model_for_RF_Tomography/11029382","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090326612","display_name":"Vittorio Picco","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vittorio Picco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA","University of Illinois at Chicago"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Chicago","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084645776","display_name":"Gianluca Gennarelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3600-5327"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125249","display_name":"Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell'Ambiente","ror":"https://ror.org/02wxw4x45","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125249","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gianluca Gennarelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, National Research Council of Italy, Napoli, Italy","Inst. for Electromagn. Sensing of the Environ., Naples, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, National Research Council of Italy, Napoli, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236","https://openalex.org/I4210125249"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. for Electromagn. Sensing of the Environ., Naples, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015071229","display_name":"Tadahiro Negishi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2142-0675"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tadahiro Negishi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA","University of Illinois at Chicago"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Chicago","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081849411","display_name":"Francesco Soldovieri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0377-3127"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125249","display_name":"Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell'Ambiente","ror":"https://ror.org/02wxw4x45","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125249","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Soldovieri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, National Research Council of Italy, Napoli, Italy","Inst. for Electromagn. Sensing of the Environ., Naples, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment, National Research Council of Italy, Napoli, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236","https://openalex.org/I4210125249"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. for Electromagn. Sensing of the Environ., Naples, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021402401","display_name":"Danilo Erricolo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6352-9567"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danilo Erricolo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090326612"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5453,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6818526,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"7","first_page":"1461","last_page":"1465"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maxima-and-minima","display_name":"Maxima and minima","score":0.7630119323730469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse-problem","display_name":"Inverse problem","score":0.6948976516723633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-equation","display_name":"Quadratic equation","score":0.6857180595397949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse-scattering-problem","display_name":"Inverse scattering problem","score":0.5953965187072754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-reconstruction","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","score":0.5476429462432861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/born-approximation","display_name":"Born approximation","score":0.5281767249107361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.516082227230072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tomographic-reconstruction","display_name":"Tomographic reconstruction","score":0.5120868682861328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inversion","display_name":"Inversion (geology)","score":0.5064765214920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operator","display_name":"Operator (biology)","score":0.49025657773017883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4586946368217468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.44565629959106445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-function","display_name":"Quadratic function","score":0.4416621923446655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tomography","display_name":"Tomography","score":0.4399513006210327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4175029397010803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-programming","display_name":"Quadratic programming","score":0.4108089208602905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.4102363586425781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.33359014987945557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scattering","display_name":"Scattering","score":0.3219771385192871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.31906482577323914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.27061912417411804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.2290021777153015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1636624038219452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.10868656635284424}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186633575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845060","display_name":"Maxima and minima","level":2,"score":0.7630119323730469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135252773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1567213","display_name":"Inverse problem","level":2,"score":0.6948976516723633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129844170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41299","display_name":"Quadratic equation","level":2,"score":0.6857180595397949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174558057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11639409","display_name":"Inverse scattering problem","level":3,"score":0.5953965187072754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141379421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094427","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","level":2,"score":0.5476429462432861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71083448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39325","display_name":"Born approximation","level":3,"score":0.5281767249107361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.516082227230072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97742081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7820109","display_name":"Tomographic reconstruction","level":3,"score":0.5120868682861328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1893757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3653001","display_name":"Inversion (geology)","level":3,"score":0.5064765214920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17020691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139677","display_name":"Operator (biology)","level":5,"score":0.49025657773017883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4586946368217468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.44565629959106445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166437778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50695","display_name":"Quadratic function","level":3,"score":0.4416621923446655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841267","display_name":"Tomography","level":2,"score":0.4399513006210327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4175029397010803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81845259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q290117","display_name":"Quadratic programming","level":2,"score":0.4108089208602905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.4102363586425781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.33359014987945557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.3219771385192871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.31906482577323914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.27061912417411804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2290021777153015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1636624038219452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.10868656635284424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158448853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425218","display_name":"Repressor","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109007969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749565","display_name":"Structural basin","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86339819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407384","display_name":"Transcription factor","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2015.2409025","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2015.2409025","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/11029382","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Experimental_Validation_of_the_Quadratic_Forward_Model_for_RF_Tomography/11029382","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/11029382","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Experimental_Validation_of_the_Quadratic_Forward_Model_for_RF_Tomography/11029382","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7258132310","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-12-1-0174","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338294","funder_display_name":"Air Force Research Laboratory"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338294","display_name":"Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W591753597","https://openalex.org/W640945449","https://openalex.org/W883639757","https://openalex.org/W1514248469","https://openalex.org/W1520664314","https://openalex.org/W1523113578","https://openalex.org/W1983275259","https://openalex.org/W1983322501","https://openalex.org/W1990634755","https://openalex.org/W2002832520","https://openalex.org/W2018446638","https://openalex.org/W2023821944","https://openalex.org/W2031022363","https://openalex.org/W2031512716","https://openalex.org/W2035489376","https://openalex.org/W2044149867","https://openalex.org/W2050813064","https://openalex.org/W2061574655","https://openalex.org/W2062912177","https://openalex.org/W2106453960","https://openalex.org/W2111587089","https://openalex.org/W2119067479","https://openalex.org/W2121052011","https://openalex.org/W2124026435","https://openalex.org/W2126890973","https://openalex.org/W2137052588","https://openalex.org/W2143368686","https://openalex.org/W2151980064","https://openalex.org/W2152484776","https://openalex.org/W2160870401","https://openalex.org/W4243613133"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2605384738","https://openalex.org/W2043311706","https://openalex.org/W1521297561","https://openalex.org/W2364127131","https://openalex.org/W2912871812","https://openalex.org/W1934213668","https://openalex.org/W2155688167","https://openalex.org/W4213092788","https://openalex.org/W2155888019","https://openalex.org/W4385070290"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"effective":[1],"way":[2],"to":[3,18,61,77,91,140],"solve":[4],"the":[5,13,20,28,39,42,54,57,62,69,74,83,88,93,113,128,133,141,145,148],"inverse":[6,115],"scattering":[7],"from":[8],"dielectric":[9,118],"objects":[10,119],"relies":[11],"on":[12,73,87,132],"Born":[14,150],"approximation,":[15],"which":[16],"allows":[17,72],"linearize":[19],"problem":[21,98],"and":[22,34,86],"retrieve":[23],"a":[24,50],"qualitative":[25],"reconstruction":[26],"of":[27,32,38,41,53,68,82,112,147],"targets":[29],"in":[30,120],"terms":[31],"location":[33],"extent.":[35],"The":[36,66,123],"limits":[37],"validity":[40],"linear":[43,149],"model":[44,116,135],"can":[45],"be":[46],"extended":[47],"by":[48,144],"considering":[49],"quadratic":[51,70,114,134],"approximation":[52],"operator":[55,71],"relating":[56],"scattered":[58],"field":[59],"data":[60,124],"unknown":[63],"object":[64,84],"function.":[65],"use":[67],"one":[75],"hand":[76,90],"recover":[78],"additional":[79],"spatial":[80],"variations":[81],"profile":[85],"other":[89],"mitigate":[92],"local":[94],"minima":[95],"(false":[96],"solution)":[97],"typically":[99],"affecting":[100],"nonlinear":[101],"inversion":[102,146],"methods.":[103],"In":[104],"this":[105],"letter,":[106],"we":[107],"present":[108],"an":[109],"experimental":[110],"validation":[111],"for":[117],"free":[121],"space.":[122],"processing":[125],"confirms":[126],"that":[127],"tomographic":[129],"images":[130],"based":[131],"are":[136],"better":[137],"resolved":[138],"compared":[139],"ones":[142],"provided":[143],"model.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
