{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2085320844","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2014.2386275","title":"Extracting Snow Cover in Mountain Areas Based on SAR and Optical Data","display_name":"Extracting Snow Cover in Mountain Areas Based on SAR and Optical Data","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2085320844","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2014.2386275","mag":"2085320844"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2014.2386275","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2014.2386275","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022902828","display_name":"Guangjun He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2614-8850"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guangjun He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geographic Information Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","Department of Geographic Information Science; Nanjing University; Nanjing China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geographic Information Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geographic Information Science; Nanjing University; Nanjing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024291763","display_name":"Pengfeng Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2739-3302"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengfeng Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geographic Information Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","Department of Geographic Information Science; Nanjing University; Nanjing China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geographic Information Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geographic Information Science; Nanjing University; Nanjing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102160168","display_name":"Xuezhi Feng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuezhi Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geographic Information Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","Department of Geographic Information Science; Nanjing University; Nanjing China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geographic Information Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geographic Information Science; Nanjing University; Nanjing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100693229","display_name":"Xueliang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6188-0257"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xueliang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geographic Information Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","Department of Geographic Information Science; Nanjing University; Nanjing China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geographic Information Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geographic Information Science; Nanjing University; Nanjing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110166843","display_name":"Zuo Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zuo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geographic Information Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","Department of Geographic Information Science; Nanjing University; Nanjing China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geographic Information Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geographic Information Science; Nanjing University; Nanjing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102384329","display_name":"Ni Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ni Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geographic Information Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","Department of Geographic Information Science; Nanjing University; Nanjing China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geographic Information Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geographic Information Science; Nanjing University; Nanjing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022902828"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1108,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77989242,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"5","first_page":"1136","last_page":"1140"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10644","display_name":"Cryospheric studies and observations","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11333","display_name":"Climate change and permafrost","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow","display_name":"Snow","score":0.7680649757385254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.7672015428543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferometric-synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar","score":0.685591459274292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.6597094535827637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain","display_name":"Terrain","score":0.6590059995651245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.6109300851821899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.5180630683898926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coherence","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","score":0.5051880478858948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snow-cover","display_name":"Snow cover","score":0.4935387372970581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.48118215799331665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thresholding","display_name":"Thresholding","score":0.4781290590763092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.33820030093193054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.3323535919189453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.31613171100616455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.185621440410614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.13767889142036438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.1028079092502594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08336344361305237}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197046000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow","level":2,"score":0.7680649757385254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.7672015428543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22286887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666056","display_name":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar","level":3,"score":0.685591459274292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.6597094535827637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.6590059995651245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6109300851821899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5180630683898926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781181686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4226068","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","level":2,"score":0.5051880478858948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983043445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7561","display_name":"Snow cover","level":3,"score":0.4935387372970581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.48118215799331665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191178318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2256906","display_name":"Thresholding","level":3,"score":0.4781290590763092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.33820030093193054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3323535919189453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.31613171100616455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.185621440410614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.13767889142036438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.1028079092502594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08336344361305237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2014.2386275","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2014.2386275","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2250684761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41271353","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1597222998","https://openalex.org/W1963774929","https://openalex.org/W1981244903","https://openalex.org/W1983095182","https://openalex.org/W1987882549","https://openalex.org/W1990136845","https://openalex.org/W2005070893","https://openalex.org/W2012917111","https://openalex.org/W2013077072","https://openalex.org/W2017843508","https://openalex.org/W2101677516","https://openalex.org/W2103497845","https://openalex.org/W2104269704","https://openalex.org/W2121962096","https://openalex.org/W2136309020","https://openalex.org/W2141414687","https://openalex.org/W2142434586","https://openalex.org/W2142800341","https://openalex.org/W2153534417","https://openalex.org/W6680394642"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2953058328","https://openalex.org/W1542224353","https://openalex.org/W1661087619","https://openalex.org/W2373310320","https://openalex.org/W2781934594","https://openalex.org/W4384163768","https://openalex.org/W3206958763","https://openalex.org/W2159160885","https://openalex.org/W2148958581","https://openalex.org/W2910315605"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Snow":[0],"cover":[1,32,48,138],"in":[2,33,55,92,129,151],"cold":[3],"and":[4,17,52,73,102,149,155,174],"arid":[5],"regions":[6],"is":[7,59,94],"a":[8,39],"key":[9],"factor":[10],"controlling":[11],"regional":[12],"energy":[13],"balances,":[14],"hydrological":[15],"cycle,":[16],"water":[18],"utilization.":[19],"Interferometric":[20],"synthetic":[21],"aperture":[22],"radar":[23],"(InSAR)":[24],"technology":[25],"offers":[26],"the":[27,82,90,98,169],"ability":[28],"to":[29,121,125],"monitor":[30],"snow":[31,47,137],"all":[34],"weather.":[35],"In":[36,61],"this":[37,62,141],"letter,":[38],"support":[40],"vector":[41],"machine":[42],"(SVM)":[43],"method":[44,142],"for":[45],"extracting":[46],"based":[49],"on":[50],"SAR":[51],"optical":[53],"data":[54],"rugged":[56],"mountain":[57],"terrain":[58],"introduced.":[60],"method,":[63],"RadarSat-2":[64],"InSAR":[65],"interferometric":[66],"coherence":[67,91,127],"images":[68,128],"are":[69,162],"analyzed,":[70],"adopting":[71],"snow-covered":[72],"snow-free":[74],"areas":[75,152],"obtained":[76],"from":[77,113],"GF-1":[78,114],"satellite":[79],"observations":[80],"as":[81],"\u201cground":[83],"truth.\u201d":[84],"The":[85,132],"analysis":[86],"results":[87,134],"indicate":[88],"that":[89,136],"copolarizations":[93],"clearly":[95],"correlated":[96],"with":[97,110,153],"underlying":[99],"surface":[100],"type":[101],"local":[103],"incidence":[104],"angle.":[105],"These":[106,160],"two":[107],"factors,":[108],"combined":[109],"training":[111],"samples":[112],"wide":[115],"field":[116],"viewer":[117],"data,":[118],"were":[119],"used":[120],"build":[122],"an":[123],"SVM":[124],"classify":[126],"HH":[130],"polarization.":[131],"classification":[133],"demonstrate":[135],"extraction":[139],"using":[140],"can":[143],"achieve":[144],"mean":[145],"accuracies":[146,161],"of":[147],"83.8%":[148],"77.5%":[150],"low":[154],"high":[156],"vegetation":[157],"coverage,":[158],"respectively.":[159],"significantly":[163],"higher":[164],"than":[165],"those":[166],"achieved":[167],"by":[168],"typical":[170],"thresholding":[171],"algorithm":[172],"(72.7%":[173],"69.2%,":[175],"respectively).":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
