{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2013740347","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2014.2369523","title":"Dielectric Spectrum Feature Vector Extraction Algorithm of Ground Penetrating Radar Signal in Frequency Bands","display_name":"Dielectric Spectrum Feature Vector Extraction Algorithm of Ground Penetrating Radar Signal in Frequency Bands","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-12-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2013740347","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2014.2369523","mag":"2013740347"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2014.2369523","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2014.2369523","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085900983","display_name":"Hairu Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hairu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","Sch. of Electron. Eng., Xidian Univ., Xian, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electron. Eng., Xidian Univ., Xian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081255313","display_name":"Shan Ouyang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9513-8648"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153915","display_name":"Guilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00jbpxw47","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153915"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5343935","display_name":"Guilin University of Electronic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05arjae42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shan Ouyang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, China","Sch. of Inf. & Commun. Eng., Guilin Univ. of Electron. Technol., Guilin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Inf. & Commun. Eng., Guilin Univ. of Electron. Technol., Guilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153915","https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049513613","display_name":"Guofu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8097-251X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153915","display_name":"Guilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00jbpxw47","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153915"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5343935","display_name":"Guilin University of Electronic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05arjae42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guofu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, China","Sch. of Inf. & Commun. Eng., Guilin Univ. of Electron. Technol., Guilin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Inf. & Commun. Eng., Guilin Univ. of Electron. Technol., Guilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153915","https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065790440","display_name":"Suolu Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153915","display_name":"Guilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00jbpxw47","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153915"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5343935","display_name":"Guilin University of Electronic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05arjae42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suolu Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, China","Sch. of Inf. & Commun. Eng., Guilin Univ. of Electron. Technol., Guilin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Inf. & Commun. Eng., Guilin Univ. of Electron. Technol., Guilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153915","https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037651232","display_name":"Faquan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8479-6605"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153915","display_name":"Guilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00jbpxw47","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153915"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5343935","display_name":"Guilin University of Electronic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05arjae42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faquan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, China","Sch. of Inf. & Commun. Eng., Guilin Univ. of Electron. Technol., Guilin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Inf. & Commun. Eng., Guilin Univ. of Electron. Technol., Guilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387153915","https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9269,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78667564,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"5","first_page":"958","last_page":"962"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11757","display_name":"Seismic Waves and Analysis","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.698600172996521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-penetrating-radar","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","score":0.6931852102279663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5898312330245972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5681397318840027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5281099081039429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5034624934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.47987523674964905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4689839482307434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-band","display_name":"Frequency band","score":0.4671829044818878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time\u2013frequency-analysis","display_name":"Time\u2013frequency analysis","score":0.45614027976989746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impulse","display_name":"Impulse (physics)","score":0.4528738260269165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.45126819610595703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.4472429156303406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-spectrum","display_name":"Radio spectrum","score":0.43470969796180725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impulse-response","display_name":"Impulse response","score":0.42705997824668884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-density","display_name":"Spectral density","score":0.4229903519153595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.23073554039001465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22268414497375488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1784895956516266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.09961628913879395}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.698600172996521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71813955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503560","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","level":3,"score":0.6931852102279663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5898312330245972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5681397318840027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5281099081039429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5034624934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.47987523674964905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4689839482307434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778116611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25110567","display_name":"Frequency band","level":3,"score":0.4671829044818878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142433447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7806653","display_name":"Time\u2013frequency analysis","level":3,"score":0.45614027976989746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70836080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837940","display_name":"Impulse (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4528738260269165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.45126819610595703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.4472429156303406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92545706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902174","display_name":"Radio spectrum","level":2,"score":0.43470969796180725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72279823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139726","display_name":"Impulse response","level":2,"score":0.42705997824668884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168110828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331626","display_name":"Spectral density","level":2,"score":0.4229903519153595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.23073554039001465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22268414497375488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1784895956516266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.09961628913879395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2014.2369523","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2014.2369523","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8899999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3786088840","display_name":"\u9690\u85cf\u5f02\u8d28\u4f53\u8d85\u5bbd\u5e26\u591a\u5206\u91cf\u63a2\u6d4b\u673a\u7406\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61371186","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4442679086","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8eULF\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u77ff\u4e95\u6d8c\u6c34\u9884\u8b66\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61102115","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G498534775","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2012GXNSFBA053177","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322768","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6796016724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2013GXNSFFA019004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322768","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8376662823","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e95\u4e0b\u5168\u7a7a\u95f4TEM\u7684\u900f\u6c34\u9884\u8b66\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61362020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322768","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1999738916","https://openalex.org/W2022132210","https://openalex.org/W2022193890","https://openalex.org/W2076958979","https://openalex.org/W2097778784","https://openalex.org/W2100975815","https://openalex.org/W2106451217","https://openalex.org/W2117482628","https://openalex.org/W2129759885","https://openalex.org/W2138489340","https://openalex.org/W2144033313"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1820289435","https://openalex.org/W3109219622","https://openalex.org/W4385282352","https://openalex.org/W2766891017","https://openalex.org/W2776062836","https://openalex.org/W3199841937","https://openalex.org/W2396592261","https://openalex.org/W2165168465","https://openalex.org/W1965488317","https://openalex.org/W3132521424"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"letter":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3],"new":[4,15],"feature":[5,84,98],"extraction":[6],"algorithm":[7,16,111],"for":[8],"ground":[9],"penetrating":[10],"radar":[11],"(GPR)":[12],"data.":[13],"Our":[14],"can":[17,112],"fully":[18],"utilize":[19],"the":[20,24,43,55,83,91,96,103,116,120],"dielectric":[21],"spectrum":[22],"of":[23,37,46,67,119,128],"GPR":[25,47,121],"data":[26],"in":[27,95],"different":[28,59],"frequency":[29,44,56],"bands.":[30],"First,":[31],"according":[32],"to":[33,81],"power":[34],"spectral":[35],"distribution":[36],"impulse":[38],"source":[39],"signal,":[40],"we":[41,53],"select":[42],"band":[45,57],"data's":[48],"main":[49],"energy":[50],"spectrum.":[51],"Second,":[52],"divide":[54],"into":[58],"subbands":[60],"by":[61],"bandpass":[62],"filters":[63],"groups.":[64],"The":[65,86,109],"features":[66],"\u201cslow-decay":[68],"point\u201d":[69,72],"and":[70,79,132],"\u201cfast-decay":[71],"are":[73],"separately":[74],"extracted":[75],"from":[76],"each":[77],"subband,":[78],"encoded":[80],"build":[82],"vector.":[85],"experimental":[87],"results":[88,93],"show":[89],"that":[90],"classification":[92,118],"used":[94],"proposed":[97,110],"vector":[99],"agree":[100],"well":[101],"with":[102],"parameter":[104],"values":[105],"set":[106],"during":[107],"experiments.":[108],"be":[113],"applied":[114],"on":[115],"targets":[117],"signals.":[122],"In":[123],"addition,":[124],"it":[125],"has":[126],"advantages":[127],"low":[129],"time":[130],"complexity":[131],"strong":[133],"antinoise":[134],"ability.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
