{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2035568543","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2014.2357804","title":"Training Sample Selection for Space-Time Adaptive Processing in Heterogeneous Environments","display_name":"Training Sample Selection for Space-Time Adaptive Processing in Heterogeneous Environments","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-09-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2035568543","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2014.2357804","mag":"2035568543"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2014.2357804","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2014.2357804","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048127007","display_name":"Yifeng Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7714-7620"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yifeng Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111708943","display_name":"Tong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3915-0175"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103278899","display_name":"Jianxin Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6968-2861"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianxin Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017940553","display_name":"Jia Duan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5857-7799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia Duan","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048127007"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.9078,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97214408,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"4","first_page":"691","last_page":"695"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clutter","display_name":"Clutter","score":0.9092669486999512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance-matrix","display_name":"Covariance matrix","score":0.8577771782875061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance","display_name":"Covariance","score":0.6392923593521118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5962880849838257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space-time-adaptive-processing","display_name":"Space-time adaptive processing","score":0.5736191272735596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation-of-covariance-matrices","display_name":"Estimation of covariance matrices","score":0.5501150488853455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5366830825805664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoothing","display_name":"Smoothing","score":0.4439627230167389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","score":0.43514448404312134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.43466681241989136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.42122119665145874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.34704792499542236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.34281277656555176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.27952417731285095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.2645622193813324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.1144077479839325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-wave-radar","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","score":0.08781805634498596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.9092669486999512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185142706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134404","display_name":"Covariance matrix","level":2,"score":0.8577771782875061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178650346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201984","display_name":"Covariance","level":2,"score":0.6392923593521118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5962880849838257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190203512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7572182","display_name":"Space-time adaptive processing","level":5,"score":0.5736191272735596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180877172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5401390","display_name":"Estimation of covariance matrices","level":3,"score":0.5501150488853455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5366830825805664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3770464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775963","display_name":"Smoothing","level":2,"score":0.4439627230167389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.43514448404312134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43466681241989136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.42122119665145874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.34704792499542236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.34281277656555176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.27952417731285095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.2645622193813324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.1144077479839325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59584813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029234","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","level":4,"score":0.08781805634498596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2014.2357804","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2014.2357804","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1697206664","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61401500","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G256197954","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61471285","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5088658482","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61372133","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1501340472","https://openalex.org/W1539202355","https://openalex.org/W1576127104","https://openalex.org/W1968245988","https://openalex.org/W1991305105","https://openalex.org/W2008458951","https://openalex.org/W2013438974","https://openalex.org/W2055144697","https://openalex.org/W2064286937","https://openalex.org/W2107551105","https://openalex.org/W2112708316","https://openalex.org/W2126383316","https://openalex.org/W2137102213","https://openalex.org/W2138062827","https://openalex.org/W2152065847","https://openalex.org/W2166307990","https://openalex.org/W2484238939","https://openalex.org/W3023218716"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2130932512","https://openalex.org/W2369680611","https://openalex.org/W2045728981","https://openalex.org/W1532932657","https://openalex.org/W2761190328","https://openalex.org/W2170243420","https://openalex.org/W3018194276","https://openalex.org/W2423162659","https://openalex.org/W2886934452","https://openalex.org/W2024369332"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"training":[1,53,95],"samples":[2,98],"are":[3,71,74,103,110],"not":[4,31],"always":[5],"identically":[6],"distributed":[7],"with":[8],"the":[9,12,20,35,41,59,64,78,81,86,89,94,108,118,123,131,134],"clutter":[10,22,82,90,100,119],"in":[11,17,45],"cell":[13],"under":[14],"test":[15],"(CUT)":[16],"heterogeneous":[18,46],"environments,":[19,47],"estimated":[21],"covariance":[23,60,69,83,91,101,120],"matrix":[24,84],"for":[25],"space-time":[26],"adaptive":[27],"processing":[28],"(STAP)":[29],"is":[30],"accurate,":[32],"which":[33,73],"degrades":[34],"performance":[36,42,124,132],"of":[37,43,85,93,107,117,125,133],"STAP.":[38],"To":[39],"improve":[40],"STAP":[44,126],"this":[48],"letter":[49],"proposes":[50],"a":[51,114],"novel":[52],"sample":[54],"selection":[55],"algorithm":[56],"to":[57,76,105,113],"estimate":[58],"matrix.":[61],"Based":[62],"on":[63],"subaperture":[65],"smoothing":[66],"techniques,":[67],"subapertures'":[68],"matrices":[70,92,102],"estimated,":[72],"used":[75],"measure":[77],"similarities":[79],"between":[80],"CUT":[87,109],"and":[88,122],"samples.":[96],"Training":[97],"whose":[99],"similar":[104],"that":[106],"selected,":[111],"leading":[112],"better":[115],"estimation":[116],"matrix,":[121],"improves.":[127],"Experimental":[128],"results":[129],"confirm":[130],"proposed":[135],"algorithm.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}