{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2014824383","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2013.2255860","title":"SNR and Noise Variance Estimation in Polarimetric SAR Data","display_name":"SNR and Noise Variance Estimation in Polarimetric SAR Data","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-06-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2014824383","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2013.2255860","mag":"2014824383"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2013.2255860","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2013.2255860","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035922282","display_name":"Michelangelo Villano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1769-6927"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michelangelo Villano","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Aerospace Center (DLR), Microwaves and Radar Institute, Wessling, Germany","Microwaves & Radar Inst., German Aerosp. Center (DLR), Wessling, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Aerospace Center (DLR), Microwaves and Radar Institute, Wessling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microwaves & Radar Inst., German Aerosp. Center (DLR), Wessling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035922282"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.06232792,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"1","first_page":"278","last_page":"282"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.7483903169631958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5919612050056458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cram\u00e9r\u2013rao-bound","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","score":0.5767303109169006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.49463650584220886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.48536550998687744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.47408831119537354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-power","display_name":"Noise power","score":0.46086394786834717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-variance-unbiased-estimator","display_name":"Minimum-variance unbiased estimator","score":0.45790600776672363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-measurement","display_name":"Noise measurement","score":0.443071573972702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarimetry","display_name":"Polarimetry","score":0.41865792870521545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4039931893348694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.40371882915496826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4023129940032959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-reduction","display_name":"Noise reduction","score":0.16983532905578613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.16391226649284363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.16142219305038452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13548272848129272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.09708958864212036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scattering","display_name":"Scattering","score":0.05827561020851135}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.7483903169631958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5919612050056458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4978587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138810","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","level":3,"score":0.5767303109169006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.49463650584220886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.48536550998687744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.47408831119537354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203234222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2133519","display_name":"Noise power","level":3,"score":0.46086394786834717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165646398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3755281","display_name":"Minimum-variance unbiased estimator","level":3,"score":0.45790600776672363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29265498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7047719","display_name":"Noise measurement","level":3,"score":0.443071573972702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28493345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899381","display_name":"Polarimetry","level":3,"score":0.41865792870521545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4039931893348694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40371882915496826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4023129940032959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.16983532905578613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.16391226649284363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.16142219305038452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13548272848129272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.09708958864212036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.05827561020851135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2013.2255860","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2013.2255860","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:elib.dlr.de:82070","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://elib.dlr.de/82070/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196266","display_name":"elib (German Aerospace Center)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","host_organization_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Zeitschriftenbeitrag"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.550000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W250076511","https://openalex.org/W1415072653","https://openalex.org/W1421632428","https://openalex.org/W1550183827","https://openalex.org/W1602107991","https://openalex.org/W1986464158","https://openalex.org/W2036387734","https://openalex.org/W2061577342","https://openalex.org/W2071227229","https://openalex.org/W2090664287","https://openalex.org/W2138608170","https://openalex.org/W2146633455","https://openalex.org/W2169246875","https://openalex.org/W2171373670","https://openalex.org/W2797315706"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1523673657","https://openalex.org/W4388692784","https://openalex.org/W2973130260","https://openalex.org/W2097897855","https://openalex.org/W2131193330","https://openalex.org/W2620676623","https://openalex.org/W1505099478","https://openalex.org/W2012160537","https://openalex.org/W2105574506","https://openalex.org/W2091082753"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Thermal":[0],"noise":[1,9,16,30,61,94],"affects":[2],"polarimetric":[3,42,109],"measurements;":[4],"but":[5,75],"a":[6],"first":[7],"order":[8],"correction":[10],"can":[11,80],"be":[12,81],"applied":[13],"if":[14],"the":[15,26,29,33,38,69,84],"variance":[17,31,62,95],"(or":[18],"power)":[19],"is":[20,64,73,88],"known.":[21],"This":[22],"letter":[23],"deals":[24],"with":[25],"estimation":[27],"of":[28,37],"and":[32,52,66,96],"signal-to-noise":[34],"ratio":[35],"(SNR)":[36],"cross-polarized":[39],"channels":[40],"in":[41],"synthetic":[43],"aperture":[44],"radar":[45],"(SAR)":[46],"data.":[47,110],"Cram\u00e9r-Rao":[48],"lower":[49],"bounds":[50],"(CRLB)":[51],"maximum":[53],"likelihood":[54],"(ML)":[55],"estimators":[56,98],"are":[57,99,103],"derived.":[58],"The":[59,101],"ML":[60,70],"estimator":[63,72,79],"unbiased":[65,77],"efficient,":[67],"while":[68],"SNR":[71,78,97],"biased,":[74],"an":[76],"derived":[82],"from":[83],"biased":[85],"one.":[86],"It":[87],"also":[89],"shown":[90],"that":[91],"commonly":[92],"used":[93],"biased.":[100],"results":[102],"finally":[104],"validated":[105],"using":[106],"TerraSAR-X":[107],"fully":[108]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
