{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2039987942","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2013.2241729","title":"Utilizing Versatile Transmission Waveforms to Mitigate Pulse-Compression Range Sidelobes With the HIWRAP Radar","display_name":"Utilizing Versatile Transmission Waveforms to Mitigate Pulse-Compression Range Sidelobes With the HIWRAP Radar","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-03-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2039987942","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2013.2241729","mag":"2039987942"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2013.2241729","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2013.2241729","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8859/6627981/06472757.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8859/6627981/06472757.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005072763","display_name":"Matthew McLinden","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9175-5577"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306266525","display_name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0171mag52","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155636","display_name":"Remote Sensing Solutions (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04tbz4c44","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155636"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew L. McLinden","raw_affiliation_strings":["Remote Sensing Solutions, Inc., Barnstable, MA, USA","NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center,Greenbelt MD,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remote Sensing Solutions, Inc., Barnstable, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155636"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center,Greenbelt MD,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110041305","display_name":"J. Carswell","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306266525","display_name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0171mag52","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144891","display_name":"Science Systems and Applications (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03xec1444","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144891"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155636","display_name":"Remote Sensing Solutions (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04tbz4c44","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155636"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Carswell","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Greenbelt, MD, USA","Remote Sensing Solutions Inc., Barnstable, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Greenbelt, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525","https://openalex.org/I4210144891"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remote Sensing Solutions Inc., Barnstable, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155636"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100440650","display_name":"Lihua Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4470-9252"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306266525","display_name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0171mag52","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155636","display_name":"Remote Sensing Solutions (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04tbz4c44","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155636"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lihua Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Remote Sensing Solutions, Inc., Barnstable, MA, USA","NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center,Greenbelt MD,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remote Sensing Solutions, Inc., Barnstable, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155636"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center,Greenbelt MD,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036424760","display_name":"Gerald M. Heymsfield","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6298-0233"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306266525","display_name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0171mag52","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155636","display_name":"Remote Sensing Solutions (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04tbz4c44","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155636"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerald Heymsfield","raw_affiliation_strings":["Remote Sensing Solutions, Inc., Barnstable, MA, USA","NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center,Greenbelt MD,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remote Sensing Solutions, Inc., Barnstable, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155636"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center,Greenbelt MD,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056686234","display_name":"Amber E. Emory","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306266525","display_name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0171mag52","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155636","display_name":"Remote Sensing Solutions (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04tbz4c44","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155636"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amber Emory","raw_affiliation_strings":["Remote Sensing Solutions, Inc., Barnstable, MA, USA","NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center,Greenbelt MD,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remote Sensing Solutions, Inc., Barnstable, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155636"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center,Greenbelt MD,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113572865","display_name":"Jaime I. Cervantes","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306266525","display_name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0171mag52","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144891","display_name":"Science Systems and Applications (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03xec1444","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144891"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaime I. Cervantes","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Greenbelt, MD, USA","NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Sci. Syst. & Applic., Inc., Greenbelt, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Greenbelt, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525","https://openalex.org/I4210144891"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Sci. Syst. & Applic., Inc., Greenbelt, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306266525"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018494975","display_name":"Linwei Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2240-8886"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83909951","display_name":"Morgan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/017d8gk22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83909951"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83909951"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4482,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69177316,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"6","first_page":"1365","last_page":"1368"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10347","display_name":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-compression","display_name":"Pulse compression","score":0.8045317530632019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chirp","display_name":"Chirp","score":0.6570707559585571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.6516952514648438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6409651041030884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5727615356445312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-doppler-radar","display_name":"Pulse-Doppler radar","score":0.47821447253227234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-modulation","display_name":"Frequency modulation","score":0.45386481285095215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.43887069821357727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arbitrary-waveform-generator","display_name":"Arbitrary waveform generator","score":0.4369587004184723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-repetition-frequency","display_name":"Pulse repetition frequency","score":0.4279882311820984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.38727205991744995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.3507709801197052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.3300662040710449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.32186639308929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.25806277990341187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.24158722162246704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2120594084262848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.1657899022102356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.08357071876525879}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145995521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639897","display_name":"Pulse compression","level":3,"score":0.8045317530632019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132794960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27304","display_name":"Chirp","level":3,"score":0.6570707559585571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.6516952514648438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6409651041030884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5727615356445312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139931591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029151","display_name":"Pulse-Doppler radar","level":4,"score":0.47821447253227234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11930861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181417","display_name":"Frequency modulation","level":3,"score":0.45386481285095215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.43887069821357727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108307224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629983","display_name":"Arbitrary waveform generator","level":4,"score":0.4369587004184723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182862853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575887","display_name":"Pulse repetition frequency","level":3,"score":0.4279882311820984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38727205991744995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.3507709801197052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3300662040710449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.32186639308929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.25806277990341187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.24158722162246704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2120594084262848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.1657899022102356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.08357071876525879}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2013.2241729","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2013.2241729","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8859/6627981/06472757.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2013.2241729","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2013.2241729","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8859/6627981/06472757.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6600000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332377","display_name":"Goddard Space Flight Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0171mag52"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2039987942.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2039987942.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1604962462","https://openalex.org/W1892959390","https://openalex.org/W2005906181","https://openalex.org/W2008892050","https://openalex.org/W2030886632","https://openalex.org/W2094636517","https://openalex.org/W2108398417","https://openalex.org/W2120574948","https://openalex.org/W2129641766","https://openalex.org/W2797747414","https://openalex.org/W6750659632"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2038948763","https://openalex.org/W2899473041","https://openalex.org/W2481300533","https://openalex.org/W2349133363","https://openalex.org/W2357638088","https://openalex.org/W1549680088","https://openalex.org/W2335856328","https://openalex.org/W2611490669","https://openalex.org/W2466110331","https://openalex.org/W1558929358"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,125],"NASA":[1,25,133],"Goddard":[2],"Space":[3],"Flight":[4],"Center":[5],"(GSFC)":[6],"High-altitude":[7],"Imaging":[8],"Wind":[9],"and":[10,40,55,68,85,99,111,122],"Rain":[11],"Airborne":[12],"Profiler":[13],"(HIWRAP)":[14],"is":[15],"a":[16,49,77],"solid-state":[17],"dual":[18],"frequency":[19,42,78],"Doppler":[20],"radar":[21,121],"funded":[22],"by":[23,52,128],"the":[24,53,56,62,96,109,120,123,129,132],"Instrument":[26],"Incubator":[27],"Program.":[28],"It":[29],"uses":[30],"direct-digital-synthesizer":[31],"devices":[32],"to":[33,60],"generate":[34],"versatile":[35],"waveforms":[36],"including":[37],"conventional":[38,116],"pulses":[39,84],"linear":[41],"modulation":[43],"(LFM)":[44],"chirps.":[45],"This":[46],"letter":[47],"describes":[48],"waveform":[50,80,141],"used":[51],"GSFC":[54],"Remote":[57],"Sensing":[58],"Solutions":[59],"address":[61],"critical":[63],"limitations":[64],"of":[65,82,103],"range":[66,100],"sidelobes":[67],"blind":[69],"ranges":[70],"in":[71],"airborne":[72],"pulse-compression":[73],"radar.":[74],"By":[75],"utilizing":[76],"diversity":[79],"consisting":[81],"two":[83],"an":[86],"LFM":[87],"chirp":[88],"at":[89],"each":[90],"transmit":[91],"cycle,":[92],"this":[93,140],"system":[94],"provides":[95],"improved":[97],"sensitivity":[98],"resolution":[101],"benefits":[102],"pulse":[104],"compression":[105],"on":[106],"targets":[107],"within":[108],"middle":[110],"high":[112],"altitudes":[113],"while":[114],"maintaining":[115],"pulsed":[117],"data":[118,126],"near":[119],"surface.":[124],"obtained":[127],"HIWRAP":[130],"during":[131],"Midlatitude":[134],"Continental":[135],"Convective":[136],"Clouds":[137],"Experiment":[138],"using":[139],"scheme":[142],"are":[143],"presented.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}