{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1978549312","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2012.2227295","title":"Unsupervised SAR Image Segmentation Using a Hierarchical TMF Model","display_name":"Unsupervised SAR Image Segmentation Using a Hierarchical TMF Model","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1978549312","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2012.2227295","mag":"1978549312"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2012.2227295","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2012.2227295","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088683171","display_name":"Peng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8065-0948"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University , Xi'an, China","Nat. Key Lab. of Radar Signal Process., Xidian Univ., Xian, , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University , Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nat. Key Lab. of Radar Signal Process., Xidian Univ., Xian, , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100662583","display_name":"Ming Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4706-5173"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","Nat. Key Lab. of Radar Signal Process., Xidian Univ., Xian, , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nat. Key Lab. of Radar Signal Process., Xidian Univ., Xian, , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017822851","display_name":"Yan Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4644-0664"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Remote Sensing Image Processing and Computation Group, School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","Remote Sensing Image Process. & Comput. Group, Xidian Univ., Xian, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remote Sensing Image Processing and Computation Group, School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remote Sensing Image Process. & Comput. Group, Xidian Univ., Xian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101561115","display_name":"Gaofeng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9340-9029"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaofeng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","Nat. Key Lab. of Radar Signal Process., Xidian Univ., Xian, , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nat. Key Lab. of Radar Signal Process., Xidian Univ., Xian, , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051187033","display_name":"Hongmeng Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongmeng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University , Xi'an, China","Nat. Key Lab. of Radar Signal Process., Xidian Univ., Xian, , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University , Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nat. Key Lab. of Radar Signal Process., Xidian Univ., Xian, , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046320247","display_name":"Lu Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7982-797X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","Nat. Key Lab. of Radar Signal Process., Xidian Univ., Xian, , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nat. Key Lab. of Radar Signal Process., Xidian Univ., Xian, , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":48.9145,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99429425,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"5","first_page":"971","last_page":"975"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.8316783905029297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7272104620933533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-random-field","display_name":"Markov random field","score":0.719432532787323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.664984941482544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.6192871332168579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6190377473831177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.5532094836235046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5165921449661255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-inference","display_name":"Bayesian inference","score":0.49834179878234863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.39773303270339966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3965473175048828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.32985323667526245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.0722978413105011}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.8316783905029297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7272104620933533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778045648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176827","display_name":"Markov random field","level":4,"score":0.719432532787323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.664984941482544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.6192871332168579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6190377473831177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.5532094836235046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5165921449661255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160234255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812535","display_name":"Bayesian inference","level":3,"score":0.49834179878234863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.39773303270339966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3965473175048828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.32985323667526245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0722978413105011}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2012.2227295","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2012.2227295","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989222601","https://openalex.org/W2026718660","https://openalex.org/W2067031041","https://openalex.org/W2076364662","https://openalex.org/W2078827936","https://openalex.org/W2116212047","https://openalex.org/W2119261592","https://openalex.org/W2122314989","https://openalex.org/W2130334314","https://openalex.org/W2133744276","https://openalex.org/W2145296527","https://openalex.org/W2146294052","https://openalex.org/W2162021123","https://openalex.org/W3023411394"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2545123933","https://openalex.org/W2160730947","https://openalex.org/W2585813813","https://openalex.org/W3110962985","https://openalex.org/W2016045932","https://openalex.org/W2042726296","https://openalex.org/W2081203575","https://openalex.org/W1908997176","https://openalex.org/W3016428515","https://openalex.org/W2887270943"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,88],"triplet":[1],"Markov":[2],"field":[3],"(TMF)":[4],"model":[5,25,45,74,94],"recently":[6],"proposed":[7,92],"is":[8,70,86,95],"suitable":[9],"for":[10,26],"tackling":[11],"the":[12,37,41,43,47,56,65,75,91],"nonstationary":[13],"image":[14,32,51,105],"segmentation.":[15,33,106],"In":[16,34,62],"this":[17,63],"letter,":[18],"we":[19],"propose":[20],"a":[21],"hierarchical":[22],"TMF":[23],"(HTMF)":[24],"unsupervised":[27],"synthetic":[28],"aperture":[29],"radar":[30,80],"(SAR)":[31],"virtue":[35],"of":[36,90],"Bayesian":[38],"inference":[39],"on":[40],"quadtree,":[42],"HTMF":[44,93],"captures":[46],"global":[48],"and":[49,58,102],"local":[50],"characteristics":[52],"more":[53],"precisely":[54],"in":[55],"bottom-up":[57],"top-down":[59],"probability":[60],"computations.":[61],"way,":[64],"underlying":[66],"spatial":[67],"structure":[68],"information":[69],"effectively":[71],"propagated.":[72],"To":[73],"SAR":[76,104],"data":[77,101],"related":[78],"to":[79,99],"backscattering":[81],"sources,":[82],"generalized":[83],"Gamma":[84],"distribution":[85],"utilized.":[87],"effectiveness":[89],"demonstrated":[96],"by":[97],"application":[98],"simulated":[100],"real":[103]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}