{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2019437214","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2011.2181154","title":"Three-Dimensional Surface Displacements From InSAR and GPS Measurements With Variance Component Estimation","display_name":"Three-Dimensional Surface Displacements From InSAR and GPS Measurements With Variance Component Estimation","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-02-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2019437214","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2011.2181154","mag":"2019437214"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2011.2181154","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2011.2181154","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071442799","display_name":"Jun Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5412-2703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","Sch. of Geosci. & Inf. Phys., Central South Univ., Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Geosci. & Inf. Phys., Central South Univ., Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029039359","display_name":"Zhiwei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4575-5258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi-Wei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","Sch. of Geosci. & Inf. Phys., Central South Univ., Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Geosci. & Inf. Phys., Central South Univ., Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101500434","display_name":"Qian Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4718-5682"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","Sch. of Geosci. & Inf. Phys., Central South Univ., Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Geosci. & Inf. Phys., Central South Univ., Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017058983","display_name":"Jianjun Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7185-6429"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian-Jun Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","Sch. of Geosci. & Inf. Phys., Central South Univ., Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Geosci. & Inf. Phys., Central South Univ., Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008517057","display_name":"Xiaoli Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5733-3629"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao-Li Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China","Dept. of Land Surveying & Geo-Inf., Hong Kong Polytech. Univ., Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Land Surveying & Geo-Inf., Hong Kong Polytech. Univ., Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":75.0188,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":78,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99670969,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"4","first_page":"754","last_page":"758"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10534","display_name":"Structural Health Monitoring Techniques","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferometric-synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar","score":0.8890304565429688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.7394027709960938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weighting","display_name":"Weighting","score":0.7046393156051636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.648218035697937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/a-priori-and-a-posteriori","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","score":0.5663160085678101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.5138914585113525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4838477671146393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.48180025815963745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.46717554330825806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/displacement","display_name":"Displacement (psychology)","score":0.46460264921188354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variance","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","score":0.4191301167011261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3566601872444153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.31261321902275085}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22286887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666056","display_name":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar","level":3,"score":0.8890304565429688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.7394027709960938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183115368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856577","display_name":"Weighting","level":2,"score":0.7046393156051636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.648218035697937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75553542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178161","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","level":2,"score":0.5663160085678101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.5138914585113525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4838477671146393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.48180025815963745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.46717554330825806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107551265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1458245","display_name":"Displacement (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.46460264921188354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.4191301167011261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3566601872444153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.31261321902275085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2011.2181154","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2011.2181154","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk:10397/15868","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10397/15868","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400205","display_name":"PolyU Institutional Research Archive (Hong Kong Polytechnic University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal/Magazine Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W593568840","https://openalex.org/W1542267334","https://openalex.org/W1604774502","https://openalex.org/W1973206784","https://openalex.org/W2020255416","https://openalex.org/W2032178634","https://openalex.org/W2063136079","https://openalex.org/W2087208682","https://openalex.org/W2118712531","https://openalex.org/W2125657691","https://openalex.org/W2137923007","https://openalex.org/W2146564568","https://openalex.org/W2151461372","https://openalex.org/W2152657318","https://openalex.org/W2172037674","https://openalex.org/W4249744610"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2180954594","https://openalex.org/W2052835778","https://openalex.org/W2049003611","https://openalex.org/W2373310320","https://openalex.org/W2108418243","https://openalex.org/W3206958763","https://openalex.org/W2148958581","https://openalex.org/W2910315605","https://openalex.org/W2280638972","https://openalex.org/W3145898297"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Previous":[0],"approaches":[1],"that":[2],"integrate":[3],"interferometric":[4],"synthetic":[5],"aperture":[6],"radar":[7],"(InSAR)":[8],"and":[9,40,59,101],"GPS":[10,41],"measurements":[11,24,42],"for":[12,54],"3-D":[13,45],"surface":[14,46],"displacement":[15],"mapping":[16],"require":[17],"statistically":[18],"estimating":[19],"the":[20,23,38,51,56,61,66,70,84,93],"variances":[21],"of":[22,69,77,92],"to":[25,36],"yield":[26],"optimal":[27],"results.":[28],"We":[29],"present":[30],"a":[31,62],"variance":[32],"component":[33],"estimation":[34],"approach":[35,49],"weigh":[37],"InSAR":[39],"in":[43],"deriving":[44],"displacements.":[47],"The":[48,90],"exploits":[50],"observations":[52,71],"themselves":[53],"determining":[55],"weighting":[57],"scheme,":[58],"therefore":[60],"priori":[63],"information":[64],"on":[65,83],"stochastic":[67,85],"model":[68,86],"is":[72,76,87,96],"not":[73],"required.":[74],"This":[75],"great":[78],"importance":[79],"as":[80],"accurate":[81],"knowledge":[82],"often":[88],"unavailable.":[89],"performance":[91],"proposed":[94],"method":[95],"validated":[97],"with":[98],"both":[99],"simulated":[100],"real":[102],"datasets.":[103]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}