{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2111445493","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2011.2159323","title":"Estimation of Sea Surface Roughness Effects in Microwave Radiometric Measurements of Salinity Using Reflected Global Navigation Satellite System Signals","display_name":"Estimation of Sea Surface Roughness Effects in Microwave Radiometric Measurements of Salinity Using Reflected Global Navigation Satellite System Signals","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-07-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2111445493","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2011.2159323","mag":"2111445493"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2011.2159323","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2011.2159323","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044659164","display_name":"James L. Garrison","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0269-9834"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"James L. Garrison","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","Sch. of Aeronaut. & Astronaut., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Aeronaut. & Astronaut., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087529181","display_name":"Justin K. Voo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Justin K. Voo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","Sch. of Aeronaut. & Astronaut., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Aeronaut. & Astronaut., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006211721","display_name":"Simon Yueh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7061-5295"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon H. Yueh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087985185","display_name":"Michael S. Grant","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6584-9150"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124779","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1319063186","display_name":"Langley Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0399mhs52","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319063186","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael S. Grant","raw_affiliation_strings":["Langley Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hampton, VA, USA","Langley Res. Center, Nat. Aeronaut. & Space Adm., Hampton, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Langley Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hampton, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1319063186","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Langley Res. Center, Nat. Aeronaut. & Space Adm., Hampton, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1319063186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061867139","display_name":"Alexander G. Fore","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6617-1257"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334627681","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786","https://openalex.org/I1334627681","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander G. Fore","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334627681"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056862696","display_name":"Jennifer S. Haase","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8468-2368"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer S. Haase","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","Dept. of Earth & Atmos. Sci., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Earth & Atmos. Sci., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044659164"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.663,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89132568,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"6","first_page":"1170","last_page":"1174"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.8256877660751343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scatterometer","display_name":"Scatterometer","score":0.6696547269821167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6560178995132446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brightness-temperature","display_name":"Brightness temperature","score":0.6540749669075012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiometer","display_name":"Radiometer","score":0.6327704787254333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.5846236944198608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.5654482245445251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-roughness","display_name":"Surface roughness","score":0.560865581035614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiometry","display_name":"Radiometry","score":0.5047348737716675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-speed","display_name":"Wind speed","score":0.4951590597629547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.49145448207855225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave-radiometer","display_name":"Microwave radiometer","score":0.466182678937912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/special-sensor-microwave/imager","display_name":"Special sensor microwave/imager","score":0.45830467343330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-surface-temperature","display_name":"Sea surface temperature","score":0.41515955328941345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brightness","display_name":"Brightness","score":0.37719225883483887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2932014465332031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.14641055464744568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.13430717587471008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1299954354763031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11123582720756531}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.8256877660751343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776212561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905295","display_name":"Scatterometer","level":3,"score":0.6696547269821167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6560178995132446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53802167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4538627","display_name":"Brightness temperature","level":3,"score":0.6540749669075012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120189094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850281","display_name":"Radiometer","level":2,"score":0.6327704787254333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.5846236944198608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.5654482245445251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107365816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114817","display_name":"Surface roughness","level":2,"score":0.560865581035614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87456703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q247760","display_name":"Radiometry","level":2,"score":0.5047348737716675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161067210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1464943","display_name":"Wind speed","level":2,"score":0.4951590597629547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.49145448207855225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96960616","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3814470","display_name":"Microwave radiometer","level":3,"score":0.466182678937912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776422048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209121","display_name":"Special sensor microwave/imager","level":4,"score":0.45830467343330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134097258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1507383","display_name":"Sea surface temperature","level":2,"score":0.41515955328941345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125245961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221656","display_name":"Brightness","level":2,"score":0.37719225883483887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2932014465332031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.14641055464744568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.13430717587471008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1299954354763031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11123582720756531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2011.2159323","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2011.2159323","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.8399999737739563}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332181","display_name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/02z5nhe81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332375","display_name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/027k65916"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W344835664","https://openalex.org/W2008471345","https://openalex.org/W2015169755","https://openalex.org/W2030855045","https://openalex.org/W2036943784","https://openalex.org/W2054760527","https://openalex.org/W2057282537","https://openalex.org/W2062629085","https://openalex.org/W2074343479","https://openalex.org/W2075828063","https://openalex.org/W2088351237","https://openalex.org/W2090422311","https://openalex.org/W2096453255","https://openalex.org/W2100014130","https://openalex.org/W2107580583","https://openalex.org/W2111537398","https://openalex.org/W2115283904","https://openalex.org/W2128945318","https://openalex.org/W2143315445","https://openalex.org/W2155054549","https://openalex.org/W2159223272","https://openalex.org/W2163724040","https://openalex.org/W2167075435","https://openalex.org/W2949922561"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2109355119","https://openalex.org/W2339696128","https://openalex.org/W2104784099","https://openalex.org/W1649671209","https://openalex.org/W4312562112","https://openalex.org/W2156684096","https://openalex.org/W1913311579","https://openalex.org/W2499097339","https://openalex.org/W2333453588","https://openalex.org/W2116679815"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"February-March":[1],"2009,":[2,67],"an":[3],"airborne":[4],"field":[5],"campaign":[6],"was":[7,94],"conducted":[8,36],"using":[9,140],"the":[10,20,45,49,64,84,103,149],"Passive":[11],"Active":[12],"L-":[13],"and":[14,19,30,87,106],"S-band":[15],"(PALS)":[16],"microwave":[17],"sensor":[18],"Ku-band":[21],"Polarimetric":[22],"Scatterometer":[23],"to":[24,72,97,115,124,147,157],"collect":[25,98],"measurements":[26,138,156],"of":[27,40,51],"brightness":[28,130,154],"temperature":[29,155],"near-surface":[31],"wind":[32],"speeds.":[33],"Flights":[34],"were":[35,113,122],"over":[37],"a":[38],"region":[39],"expected":[41],"high-speed":[42],"winds":[43],"in":[44,152],"Atlantic":[46],"Ocean,":[47],"for":[48,54],"purposes":[50],"algorithm":[52],"development":[53],"sea":[55],"surface":[56,105,118],"salinity":[57],"(SSS)":[58],"retrievals.":[59],"Wind":[60],"speeds":[61],"encountered":[62],"during":[63],"March":[65],"2,":[66],"flight":[68],"ranged":[69],"from":[70,83,102],"5":[71],"25":[73],"m/s.":[74],"The":[75],"Global":[76],"Positioning":[77],"System":[78],"(GPS)":[79],"delay":[80],"mapping":[81],"receiver":[82],"National":[85],"Aeronautics":[86],"Space":[88],"Administration":[89],"(NASA)":[90],"Langley":[91],"Research":[92],"Center":[93],"also":[95],"flown":[96],"GPS":[99,137],"signals":[100],"reflected":[101,136],"ocean":[104,117],"generate":[107],"postcorrelation":[108],"power-versus-delay":[109],"measurements.":[110],"These":[111,120],"data":[112],"used":[114,146],"estimate":[116],"roughness.":[119],"estimates":[121],"found":[123],"be":[125,145],"strongly":[126],"correlated":[127],"with":[128],"PALS-measured":[129],"temperature.":[131],"Initial":[132],"results":[133],"suggest":[134],"that":[135],"made":[139],"small":[141],"low-power":[142],"instruments":[143],"can":[144],"correct":[148],"roughness":[150],"effects":[151],"radiometer":[153],"retrieve":[158],"accurate":[159],"SSS.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}