{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2127172377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2010.2090492","title":"A Parzen-Window-Kernel-Based CFAR Algorithm for Ship Detection in SAR Images","display_name":"A Parzen-Window-Kernel-Based CFAR Algorithm for Ship Detection in SAR Images","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-12-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2127172377","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2010.2090492","mag":"2127172377"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2010.2090492","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2010.2090492","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069548273","display_name":"Gui Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4596-5829"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gui Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","School of Electronic Science and Engineering, National university of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, National university of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069548273"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":121.4737,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":120,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99849354,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"3","first_page":"557","last_page":"561"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.8203288912773132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.6689913272857666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant-false-alarm-rate","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","score":0.6620692610740662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-density-estimation","display_name":"Kernel density estimation","score":0.5903032422065735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.56839519739151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5554385185241699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.5364945530891418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5304215550422668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-alarm","display_name":"False alarm","score":0.5022082328796387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4530397057533264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/window","display_name":"Window (computing)","score":0.44689661264419556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.42078250646591187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4024716913700104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2772919535636902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.26389533281326294}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.8203288912773132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.6689913272857666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77052588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644307","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","level":2,"score":0.6620692610740662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71134354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458825","display_name":"Kernel density estimation","level":3,"score":0.5903032422065735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.56839519739151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5554385185241699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.5364945530891418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5304215550422668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776836416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364844","display_name":"False alarm","level":2,"score":0.5022082328796387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4530397057533264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778751112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835016","display_name":"Window (computing)","level":2,"score":0.44689661264419556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.42078250646591187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4024716913700104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2772919535636902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.26389533281326294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2010.2090492","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2010.2090492","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W320156237","https://openalex.org/W2018499866","https://openalex.org/W2032982633","https://openalex.org/W2099111195","https://openalex.org/W2110791451","https://openalex.org/W2113193855","https://openalex.org/W2137782143","https://openalex.org/W2159309835","https://openalex.org/W4238717354"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2107628111","https://openalex.org/W2394004323","https://openalex.org/W2398764543","https://openalex.org/W2998914036","https://openalex.org/W1983393909","https://openalex.org/W20152637","https://openalex.org/W2040150569","https://openalex.org/W2132174924","https://openalex.org/W1911540634","https://openalex.org/W2013909972"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"letter":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,44],"Parzen-window-kernel-based":[4],"algorithm":[5,78],"for":[6],"ship":[7],"detection":[8],"in":[9,33],"synthetic":[10],"aperture":[11],"radar":[12],"(SAR)":[13],"images.":[14,42],"First,":[15],"the":[16,27,37,56,60,69,77],"data-driving":[17],"kernel":[18],"functions":[19],"of":[20,29,40,46,59,68,72],"Parzen":[21],"window":[22],"are":[23],"utilized":[24],"to":[25,35],"approximate":[26],"histogram":[28],"real":[30,70],"SAR":[31,41],"image,":[32],"order":[34],"complete":[36],"accurate":[38],"modeling":[39],"Then,":[43],"threshold":[45,61],"global":[47],"constant":[48],"false":[49],"alarm":[50],"rate":[51],"is":[52,62,80],"given":[53],"theoretically,":[54],"and":[55],"numerical":[57],"solution":[58],"also":[63],"derived.":[64],"The":[65],"experimental":[66],"results":[67],"data":[71],"typical":[73],"targets":[74],"demonstrate":[75],"that":[76],"presented":[79],"effective.":[81]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}