{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2117675177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2009.2039192","title":"A Kernel-Based Nonparametric Regression Method for Clutter Removal in Infrared Small-Target Detection Applications","display_name":"A Kernel-Based Nonparametric Regression Method for Clutter Removal in Infrared Small-Target Detection Applications","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-02-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2117675177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2009.2039192","mag":"2117675177"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2009.2039192","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2009.2039192","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034748006","display_name":"Yanfeng Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1625-7989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yanfeng Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","Sch. of Electron. & Inf. Technol., Harbin Inst. of Technol., Harbin, , China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electron. & Inf. Technol., Harbin Inst. of Technol., Harbin, , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100337520","display_name":"Chen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9564-0825"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","Sch. of Electron. & Inf. Technol., Harbin Inst. of Technol., Harbin, , China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electron. & Inf. Technol., Harbin Inst. of Technol., Harbin, , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088070775","display_name":"Baoxue Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"BaoXue Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","Sch. of Electron. & Inf. Technol., Harbin Inst. of Technol., Harbin, , China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electron. & Inf. Technol., Harbin Inst. of Technol., Harbin, , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100449345","display_name":"Ye Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0383-6279"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ye Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","Sch. of Electron. & Inf. Technol., Harbin Inst. of Technol., Harbin, , China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electron. & Inf. Technol., Harbin Inst. of Technol., Harbin, , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034748006"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":125.7014,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":175,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99861581,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"3","first_page":"469","last_page":"473"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clutter","display_name":"Clutter","score":0.8283534049987793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant-false-alarm-rate","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","score":0.723729133605957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7003912925720215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonparametric-statistics","display_name":"Nonparametric statistics","score":0.6981409788131714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6350299119949341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.6188920140266418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.567345380783081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-alarm","display_name":"False alarm","score":0.4705807566642761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.38564103841781616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.323994517326355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1854492425918579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.1370803415775299}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.8283534049987793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77052588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644307","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","level":2,"score":0.723729133605957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7003912925720215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102366305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1097688","display_name":"Nonparametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.6981409788131714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6350299119949341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.6188920140266418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.567345380783081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776836416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364844","display_name":"False alarm","level":2,"score":0.4705807566642761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.38564103841781616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.323994517326355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1854492425918579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.1370803415775299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2009.2039192","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2009.2039192","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982356639","https://openalex.org/W1990308802","https://openalex.org/W2006262236","https://openalex.org/W2010875673","https://openalex.org/W2018870862","https://openalex.org/W2101907900","https://openalex.org/W2107517560","https://openalex.org/W2109564101","https://openalex.org/W2132984323","https://openalex.org/W2160445017","https://openalex.org/W2165447611","https://openalex.org/W2166691113"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2357365693","https://openalex.org/W1550912305","https://openalex.org/W2032041146","https://openalex.org/W2079097645","https://openalex.org/W1986386343","https://openalex.org/W4382468573","https://openalex.org/W2056600943","https://openalex.org/W120037069","https://openalex.org/W2094575865","https://openalex.org/W2003125512"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Small-target":[0],"detection":[1,28,74,117,144],"in":[2,14,22,26,53,80],"infrared":[3,33,70,82],"imagery":[4],"with":[5],"a":[6,38,57,146],"complex":[7,112,147],"background":[8,19,46],"is":[9,43,61,75,101,108,118,138],"always":[10],"an":[11],"important":[12],"task":[13],"remote-sensing":[15],"fields.":[16],"Complex":[17],"clutter":[18,49,113,129],"usually":[20],"results":[21,132],"serious":[23],"false":[24,93],"alarm":[25,94],"target":[27,54],"for":[29,45],"low":[30],"contrast":[31],"of":[32,67,86,103,128],"imagery.":[34,71],"In":[35],"this":[36],"letter,":[37],"kernel-based":[39,87],"nonparametric":[40,88,105],"regression":[41,89,106],"method":[42],"proposed":[44,136],"prediction":[47],"and":[48,90,126,140],"removal,":[50],"furthermore":[51],"applied":[52],"detection.":[55],"First,":[56],"linear":[58],"mixture":[59],"model":[60],"used":[62],"to":[63,110,142],"represent":[64],"each":[65],"pixel":[66],"the":[68,81,104,135],"observed":[69],"Second,":[72],"adaptive":[73],"performed":[76,119],"on":[77,120],"local":[78],"regions":[79],"image":[83],"by":[84],"means":[85],"two-parameter":[91],"constant":[92],"rate":[95],"(CFAR)":[96],"detector.":[97],"Kernel":[98],"regression,":[99],"which":[100],"one":[102],"approaches,":[107],"adopted":[109],"estimate":[111],"background.":[114,130,148],"Then,":[115],"CFAR":[116],"\u201cpure\u201d":[121],"target-like":[122],"region":[123],"after":[124],"estimation":[125],"removal":[127],"Experimental":[131],"prove":[133],"that":[134],"algorithm":[137],"effective":[139],"adaptable":[141],"small-target":[143],"under":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-03-05T09:29:38.588285","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}