{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2113340030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2008.2009952","title":"Spectral Unmixing With Negative and Superunity Abundances for Subpixel Anomaly Detection","display_name":"Spectral Unmixing With Negative and Superunity Abundances for Subpixel Anomaly Detection","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-12-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2113340030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2008.2009952","mag":"2113340030"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2008.2009952","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2008.2009952","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062371354","display_name":"Olga Duran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1397-6032"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Olga Duran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK","[Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Imperial Coll. London, London]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Imperial Coll. London, London]","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103426811","display_name":"Maria Petrou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Petrou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK","[Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Imperial Coll. London, London]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electr. & Electron. Eng., Imperial Coll. London, London]","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062371354"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.5186,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97345577,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":"152","last_page":"156"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9704999923706055,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.9029722213745117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.7143728137016296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subpixel-rendering","display_name":"Subpixel rendering","score":0.7029902338981628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.6222793459892273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5566613078117371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","score":0.5550782084465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convex-hull","display_name":"Convex hull","score":0.5098906755447388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4859115183353424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.478484570980072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.46580153703689575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endmember","display_name":"Endmember","score":0.46253517270088196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixing","display_name":"Mixing (physics)","score":0.44686925411224365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-alarm","display_name":"False alarm","score":0.4167887568473816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3988369405269623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2904682159423828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regular-polygon","display_name":"Regular polygon","score":0.2603709101676941}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.9029722213745117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.7143728137016296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68516990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q452912","display_name":"Subpixel rendering","level":3,"score":0.7029902338981628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.6222793459892273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5566613078117371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12997251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567560","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5550782084465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206194317","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138624","display_name":"Convex hull","level":3,"score":0.5098906755447388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4859115183353424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.478484570980072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.46580153703689575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58237817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5376204","display_name":"Endmember","level":3,"score":0.46253517270088196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138777275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6884054","display_name":"Mixing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.44686925411224365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776836416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364844","display_name":"False alarm","level":2,"score":0.4167887568473816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3988369405269623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2904682159423828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112680207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q714886","display_name":"Regular polygon","level":2,"score":0.2603709101676941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2008.2009952","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2008.2009952","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.kingston.ac.uk:16511","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/id/eprint/16511/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400991","display_name":"Research Repository (Kingston University London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801636071","host_organization_name":"Kingston Hospital NHS Trust","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801636071"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316437","display_name":"QinetiQ","ror":"https://ror.org/02f60yb64"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W18815112","https://openalex.org/W821066772","https://openalex.org/W1491019563","https://openalex.org/W1970099214","https://openalex.org/W2035368748","https://openalex.org/W2047870694","https://openalex.org/W2106143085","https://openalex.org/W2106777458","https://openalex.org/W2110802877","https://openalex.org/W2118798900","https://openalex.org/W2133100793","https://openalex.org/W2135144622","https://openalex.org/W2137477104","https://openalex.org/W2143110143","https://openalex.org/W2146820417","https://openalex.org/W2149463972","https://openalex.org/W2158340226","https://openalex.org/W2159254991","https://openalex.org/W2267362924","https://openalex.org/W2295820431","https://openalex.org/W4233760599","https://openalex.org/W6600746663","https://openalex.org/W6629321483","https://openalex.org/W6659390101"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2012002812","https://openalex.org/W2165289391","https://openalex.org/W2903571773","https://openalex.org/W3205581890","https://openalex.org/W2090082185","https://openalex.org/W2117338621","https://openalex.org/W2514291226","https://openalex.org/W2973851347","https://openalex.org/W4304756593","https://openalex.org/W1985153411"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,228],"propose":[1],"a":[2,101,173],"low":[3],"false":[4,242],"alarm":[5],"methodology":[6],"to":[7,30,96,106,120,205,239,245],"determine":[8,97],"anomalies":[9,121,243],"in":[10,69,91],"hyperspectral":[11],"data.":[12],"The":[13,79,165],"method":[14],"is":[15,25],"based":[16],"on":[17],"the":[18,21,31,34,52,56,58,62,66,70,76,88,92,98,107,110,114,134,145,148,153,194,214,230,236],"assumptions":[19],"that":[20,133,160],"linear":[22,191,211,233],"mixing":[23,186,226],"model":[24,234],"valid":[26],"and":[27,113,122,176,224,248],"that,":[28],"due":[29],"resolution":[32],"of":[33,40,43,55,87,142,193,213],"image,":[35,71],"most":[36,139],"pixels":[37,46,118,146],"are":[38,49,65,72,137,161,188],"mixtures":[39,141],"common":[41],"substances,":[42,167],"which":[44,64],"pure":[45,123,166,246],"(not":[47],"mixtures)":[48],"rare.":[50],"In":[51,94],"first":[53],"stage":[54],"algorithm,":[57],"classes":[59,68,90,136,155,196],"associated":[60],"with":[61,184,222],"background,":[63],"dominant":[67],"found":[73],"by":[74,152],"clustering":[75],"image":[77],"pixels.":[78],"resulting":[80],"clusters":[81],"may":[82,103],"be":[83,104,170],"considered":[84],"as":[85,190,199,210],"representatives":[86],"background":[89,135,154,195,215],"image.":[93],"order":[95],"anomalous":[99],"pixels,":[100],"threshold":[102],"applied":[105],"distance":[108],"between":[109,241],"pixel":[111],"spectrum":[112],"cluster":[115],"centers.":[116],"However,":[117],"corresponding":[119,204,244],"substances":[124,247],"will":[125,156,169,177],"both":[126],"show":[127,178,217],"high":[128,218],"distances.":[129],"If":[130],"we":[131],"consider":[132],"themselves":[138],"likely":[140],"other":[143],"materials,":[144],"within":[147],"convex":[149,174],"hull":[150,175],"formed":[151],"have":[157],"positive":[158],"fractions":[159],"smaller":[162],"than":[163],"one.":[164],"however,":[168,207],"outside":[171],"such":[172,185],"negative":[179,223],"or":[180],"superunity":[181,225],"fractions.":[182],"Pixels":[183,203],"proportions":[187],"explained":[189],"combinations":[192,212],"and,":[197],"therefore,":[198],"not":[200],"true":[201],"anomalies.":[202,251],"anomalies,":[206],"when":[208],"expressed":[209],"classes,":[216],"residual":[219],"error":[220],"even":[221],"proportions.":[227],"use":[229],"unmixing":[231],"spectral":[232],"without":[235],"nonnegativity":[237],"constraint":[238],"distinguish":[240],"real":[249],"man-made":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}