{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2127294329","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2008.2006005","title":"Longwave Thermal Infrared Spectral Variability in Individual Rocks","display_name":"Longwave Thermal Infrared Spectral Variability in Individual Rocks","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-12-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2127294329","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2008.2006005","mag":"2127294329"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2008.2006005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2008.2006005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110226715","display_name":"Lee K. Balick","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343871089","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I1343871089","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210120050"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lee Balick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Space and Remote Sensing Sciences Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA","Space & Remote Sensing Sci. Group, Los Alamos Nat. Lab., Los Alamos, NM"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Space and Remote Sensing Sciences Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Space & Remote Sensing Sci. Group, Los Alamos Nat. Lab., Los Alamos, NM","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113996445","display_name":"Alan R. Gillespie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156930","display_name":"Earth and Space Research","ror":"https://ror.org/055mfda29","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan Gillespie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","Dept. of Earth & Space Sci., Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156930","https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Earth & Space Sci., Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068527540","display_name":"Andrew French","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1336096307","display_name":"United States Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144272","display_name":"U.S. Arid Land Agricultural Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03qx0n513","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210094889","https://openalex.org/I4210144272"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew French","raw_affiliation_strings":["Management and Conservation Research Unit, USDA Arid Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, AZ, USA","Water Manage. & Conservation Res. Unit, USDA Arid-Land Agric. Res. Center, Maricopa, AZ"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Management and Conservation Research Unit, USDA Arid Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144272"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Water Manage. & Conservation Res. Unit, USDA Arid-Land Agric. Res. Center, Maricopa, AZ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016532001","display_name":"Iryna Danilina","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156930","display_name":"Earth and Space Research","ror":"https://ror.org/055mfda29","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iryna Danilina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","Dept. of Earth & Space Sci., Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156930","https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Earth & Space Sci., Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053510859","display_name":"Jean-Pierre Allard","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean-Pierre Allard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Telops, Inc., Quebec, QUE, Canada","Telops Inc., Quebec City, QC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telops, Inc., Quebec, QUE, Canada","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telops Inc., Quebec City, QC","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063902138","display_name":"Amit Mushkin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156930","display_name":"Earth and Space Research","ror":"https://ror.org/055mfda29","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amit Mushkin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","Dept. of Earth & Space Sci., Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156930","https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Earth & Space Sci., Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.351,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90279927,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":"52","last_page":"56"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11856","display_name":"Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emissivity","display_name":"Emissivity","score":0.6484800577163696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrometer","display_name":"Spectrometer","score":0.6214751601219177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mineralogy","display_name":"Mineralogy","score":0.5216962695121765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.5143164396286011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.5063456296920776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrared","display_name":"Infrared","score":0.4887106418609619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-resolution","display_name":"Spectral resolution","score":0.4814552664756775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/longwave","display_name":"Longwave","score":0.46681782603263855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.43505164980888367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-line","display_name":"Spectral line","score":0.43373411893844604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-image","display_name":"Multispectral image","score":0.4277503490447998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imaging-spectrometer","display_name":"Imaging spectrometer","score":0.42507004737854004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.40368762612342834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.3834025263786316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3550582826137543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiative-transfer","display_name":"Radiative transfer","score":0.13563251495361328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09443590044975281}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163651212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899670","display_name":"Emissivity","level":2,"score":0.6484800577163696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33390570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188463","display_name":"Spectrometer","level":2,"score":0.6214751601219177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199289684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83353","display_name":"Mineralogy","level":1,"score":0.5216962695121765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.5143164396286011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.5063456296920776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158355884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11388","display_name":"Infrared","level":2,"score":0.4887106418609619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124967146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457898","display_name":"Spectral resolution","level":3,"score":0.4814552664756775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779155178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1082861","display_name":"Longwave","level":3,"score":0.46681782603263855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.43505164980888367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4839761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212111","display_name":"Spectral line","level":2,"score":0.43373411893844604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.4277503490447998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183852935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6002848","display_name":"Imaging spectrometer","level":3,"score":0.42507004737854004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.40368762612342834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3834025263786316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3550582826137543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74902906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190858","display_name":"Radiative transfer","level":2,"score":0.13563251495361328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09443590044975281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lgrs.2008.2006005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2008.2006005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126920919","display_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","issn_l":"1545-598X","issn":["1545-598X","1558-0571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306114","display_name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W800980582","https://openalex.org/W2037819124","https://openalex.org/W2059308304","https://openalex.org/W2071200222","https://openalex.org/W2080903873","https://openalex.org/W6622938161"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965087860","https://openalex.org/W2902859205","https://openalex.org/W1980913111","https://openalex.org/W2084145074","https://openalex.org/W3116960442","https://openalex.org/W2039950949","https://openalex.org/W2005822964","https://openalex.org/W2057502288","https://openalex.org/W3141728769","https://openalex.org/W2613121018"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"hyperspectral":[1],"imaging":[2,90],"spectrometer":[3,91],"measuring":[4],"in":[5,28,54,130],"the":[6,29,33,49,138,150],"longwave":[7],"thermal":[8],"infrared":[9],"(7.6-11.6":[10],"mum),":[11],"with":[12,70,82],"a":[13,21],"spatial":[14],"resolution":[15],"less":[16],"than":[17],"5":[18],"mm":[19],"at":[20],"range":[22],"of":[23,35,38,51,87,143,149],"10":[24],"m,":[25],"was":[26],"used":[27,129],"field":[30],"to":[31,59,92,111],"observe":[32],"variability":[34],"emissivity":[36],"spectra":[37,135,140],"individual":[39,105],"rock":[40,151],"surfaces.":[41],"The":[42,85],"rocks":[43,95,106],"were":[44,47,57,102],"obtained":[45],"commercially,":[46],"on":[48],"order":[50],"20":[52],"cm":[53],"size,":[55],"and":[56,77,79,115,145],"selected":[58],"have":[60],"distinct":[61],"spectral":[62,100],"features:":[63],"they":[64],"include":[65],"alabaster":[66],"(gypsum),":[67],"soapstone":[68],"(steatite":[69],"talc),":[71],"obsidian":[72],"(volcanic":[73],"glass),":[74],"norite":[75],"(plagioclase":[76],"orthopyroxene),":[78],"ldquojasperrdquo":[80],"(silica":[81],"iron":[83],"oxides).":[84],"advantages":[86],"using":[88],"an":[89],"characterize":[93],"these":[94,123],"spectrally":[96],"are":[97],"apparent.":[98],"Large":[99],"variations":[101,124],"observed":[103],"within":[104],"that":[107],"may":[108],"be":[109,153],"attributed":[110],"roughness,":[112],"surface":[113],"geometry,":[114],"compositional":[116],"variation.":[117],"Nonimaging":[118],"spectrometers":[119],"would":[120,126],"normally":[121],"miss":[122,137],"as":[125],"small":[127],"samples":[128],"laboratory":[131],"measurements,":[132],"spatially":[133,146],"averaged":[134],"can":[136,152],"optimum":[139],"for":[141],"identification":[142],"materials,":[144],"localized":[147],"components":[148],"obscured.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
