{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415256957","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/les.2025.3600618","title":"Instruction-Level Support for Deterministic Dataflow in Real-Time Systems","display_name":"Instruction-Level Support for Deterministic Dataflow in Real-Time Systems","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415256957","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/les.2025.3600618"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/les.2025.3600618","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/les.2025.3600618","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S22443479","display_name":"IEEE Embedded Systems Letters","issn_l":"1943-0663","issn":["1943-0663","1943-0671"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Embedded Systems Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103221535","display_name":"Bo Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9847-7598"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9847-7598","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yinkang Gao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinkang Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014620699","display_name":"Caixu Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caixu Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101494435","display_name":"Xi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0147-1368"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9278,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78501561,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"5","first_page":"341","last_page":"344"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dataflow","display_name":"Dataflow","score":0.9373999834060669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dataflow-architecture","display_name":"Dataflow architecture","score":0.5572999715805054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.5060999989509583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/execution-model","display_name":"Execution model","score":0.4189999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.4185999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4185999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4077000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symbolic-execution","display_name":"Symbolic execution","score":0.3716000020503998}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96324660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205446","display_name":"Dataflow","level":2,"score":0.9373999834060669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9266999959945679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176727019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172415","display_name":"Dataflow architecture","level":3,"score":0.5572999715805054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.5259000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5060999989509583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.4494999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776834041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346349","display_name":"Execution model","level":2,"score":0.4189999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.4185999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4185999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4077000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779639559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7661178","display_name":"Symbolic execution","level":3,"score":0.3716000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.37119999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154488198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335007","display_name":"Embedded software","level":3,"score":0.3483999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778029271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421931","display_name":"Extension (predicate logic)","level":2,"score":0.33500000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12186640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6815743","display_name":"Memory model","level":3,"score":0.3312000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.33009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34165917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188267","display_name":"Programming paradigm","level":2,"score":0.3197000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184596265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2651576","display_name":"Model of computation","level":3,"score":0.3154999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21847791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191081","display_name":"Logical conjunction","level":2,"score":0.30399999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202491316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272683","display_name":"Instruction set","level":2,"score":0.3034999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.302700012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110251889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569697","display_name":"Model checking","level":2,"score":0.28540000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.2768000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133875982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q764810","display_name":"Shared memory","level":2,"score":0.2711000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19012869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578372","display_name":"Response time","level":2,"score":0.267300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.26589998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.2615000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82029504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4373882","display_name":"Sequential consistency","level":4,"score":0.2581999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98183937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2112188","display_name":"Program analysis","level":2,"score":0.2554999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781357197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5757597","display_name":"High memory","level":2,"score":0.25119999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176649486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2308807","display_name":"Memory management","level":3,"score":0.25110000371932983}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/les.2025.3600618","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/les.2025.3600618","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S22443479","display_name":"IEEE Embedded Systems Letters","issn_l":"1943-0663","issn":["1943-0663","1943-0671"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Embedded Systems Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1138279014","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20241818","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1933762044","display_name":"\u5b89\u5168\u5173\u952e\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u65f6\u5e8f\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61772482","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6284701254","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Y2021121","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322847","funder_display_name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6472083938","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62172380","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322847","display_name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/031141b54"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2140274690","https://openalex.org/W2785801583","https://openalex.org/W2979939320","https://openalex.org/W3042109709","https://openalex.org/W4387010695","https://openalex.org/W4408149349"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ensuring":[0],"predictable":[1],"and":[2,54,60,124,156],"repeatable":[3],"behavior":[4],"in":[5,58],"concurrent":[6],"real-time":[7],"systems":[8],"requires":[9],"dataflow":[10,94,140],"determinism\u2014that":[11],"is,":[12],"each":[13],"consumer":[14],"task":[15,62],"instance":[16],"must":[17],"always":[18],"read":[19],"data":[20],"from":[21],"the":[22,27,97,101],"same":[23],"producer":[24],"instance.":[25],"While":[26],"logical":[28,82],"execution":[29,52],"time":[30,154,159],"(LET)":[31],"model":[32,127],"enforces":[33,93],"this":[34],"property,":[35],"its":[36],"software":[37,50],"implementations":[38],"typically":[39],"rely":[40],"on":[41],"timed":[42],"I/O":[43],"or":[44,106],"multibuffering":[45],"protocols.":[46],"These":[47],"approaches":[48],"introduce":[49],"complexity,":[51],"overhead,":[53],"priority":[55],"inversion,":[56],"resulting":[57],"increased":[59],"unstable":[61],"response":[63,153,158],"times,":[64],"thereby":[65],"degrading":[66],"overall":[67],"schedulability.":[68],"We":[69,110],"propose":[70],"time-semantic":[71],"memory":[72,85,104,122],"instruction":[73,77,98],"(TSMI),":[74],"a":[75,112,125],"new":[76],"set":[78],"extension":[79],"that":[80,116,128],"embeds":[81],"timing":[83],"into":[84,120],"access":[86,107],"operations.":[87],"Unlike":[88],"existing":[89,165],"LET":[90,132],"implementations,":[91],"TSMI":[92,113,118,147],"determinism":[95],"at":[96],"level,":[99],"eliminating":[100],"need":[102],"for":[103],"protocols":[105],"ordering":[108],"constraints.":[109],"develop":[111],"microarchitectural":[114],"implementation":[115],"translates":[117],"instructions":[119],"standard":[121],"accesses":[123],"programming":[126],"not":[129],"only":[130],"captures":[131],"semantics":[133],"but":[134],"also":[135],"enables":[136],"more":[137],"expressive,":[138],"per-access":[139],"control.":[141],"A":[142],"cycle-accurate":[143],"RISC-V":[144],"simulator":[145],"with":[146],"achieves":[148],"up":[149],"to":[150,164],"95.36%":[151],"worst-case":[152],"(WCRT)":[155],"98.88%":[157],"variability":[160],"(RTV)":[161],"reduction":[162],"compared":[163],"methods.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-17T00:00:00"}
