{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285158086","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/les.2022.3176233","title":"A <i>Q</i>-Learning-Based Fault-Tolerant and Congestion-Aware Adaptive Routing Algorithm for Networks-on-Chip","display_name":"A <i>Q</i>-Learning-Based Fault-Tolerant and Congestion-Aware Adaptive Routing Algorithm for Networks-on-Chip","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285158086","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/les.2022.3176233"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/les.2022.3176233","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/les.2022.3176233","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S22443479","display_name":"IEEE Embedded Systems Letters","issn_l":"1943-0663","issn":["1943-0663","1943-0671"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Embedded Systems Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100695128","display_name":"Yi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9993-0731"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051972797","display_name":"Rujia Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6434-1590"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rujia Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101556245","display_name":"Changqing Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3827-8820"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changqing Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics and Guangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics and Guangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032287524","display_name":"Xiaodong Weng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9628-0945"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaodong Weng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100402361","display_name":"Yintang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9745-5404"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yintang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100695128"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2776,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88336601,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"4","first_page":"203","last_page":"206"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notation","display_name":"Notation","score":0.641228199005127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6375069618225098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5839232206344604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.5677304267883301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.5306189060211182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-table","display_name":"Routing table","score":0.515114963054657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-tolerance","display_name":"Fault tolerance","score":0.46613451838493347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.34321168065071106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2551145553588867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.21231690049171448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.17809796333312988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.1662522256374359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.1661367118358612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10700026154518127}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.641228199005127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6375069618225098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5839232206344604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5677304267883301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.5306189060211182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184896649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q290066","display_name":"Routing table","level":4,"score":0.515114963054657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63540848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3140932","display_name":"Fault tolerance","level":2,"score":0.46613451838493347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34321168065071106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2551145553588867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.21231690049171448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.17809796333312988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.1662522256374359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.1661367118358612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10700026154518127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/les.2022.3176233","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/les.2022.3176233","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S22443479","display_name":"IEEE Embedded Systems Letters","issn_l":"1943-0663","issn":["1943-0663","1943-0671"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Embedded Systems Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4270489710","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021A1515012293","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7290786815","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62004146","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8685778482","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021M692498","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2044206819","https://openalex.org/W2045767093","https://openalex.org/W2054470660","https://openalex.org/W2057785859","https://openalex.org/W2118231264","https://openalex.org/W2142993916","https://openalex.org/W2155765360","https://openalex.org/W2164900024","https://openalex.org/W2169875292","https://openalex.org/W2945372933","https://openalex.org/W3097323128","https://openalex.org/W3100683681","https://openalex.org/W6785445281"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2504004674","https://openalex.org/W1987679298","https://openalex.org/W2963177394","https://openalex.org/W4313359513","https://openalex.org/W2498744856","https://openalex.org/W4390482104","https://openalex.org/W322408318","https://openalex.org/W149041114","https://openalex.org/W2105586767","https://openalex.org/W2127783792"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Link":[0],"failure":[1,161],"and":[2,28,37,75,85,101,137],"network":[3,14],"congestion":[4,29,74],"have":[5,22],"a":[6,155,159],"serious":[7],"impact":[8],"on":[9,15,52],"the":[10,23,73,79,82,86,92,98,103,110,114,128,148],"performance":[11,157],"degradation":[12],"of":[13,25,78,95,117],"chip":[16],"(NoC).":[17],"Adaptive":[18],"routing":[19,49,150],"algorithms,":[20],"which":[21],"capability":[24],"fault":[26,76,99],"tolerance":[27],"awareness,":[30],"can":[31,90,153],"make":[32],"NoCs":[33],"adapt":[34],"to":[35,71],"complex":[36],"changeable":[38],"applications.":[39],"The":[40],"proposed":[41,149],"algorithm":[42,50],"in":[43,97,120],"this":[44],"letter":[45],"is":[46],"an":[47],"adaptive":[48],"based":[51],"<inline-formula":[53,62,121,129],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[54,63,122,130],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[55,64,123,131],"<tex-math":[56,65,124,132],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$Q$":[57,125,133],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[58,69,126,134],"-learning.":[59],"By":[60],"introducing":[61],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$H":[66],"-":[67],"Q$":[68],"table":[70],"learn":[72],"information":[77],"paths":[80],"between":[81],"source":[83],"node":[84],"destination":[87],"node,":[88],"it":[89],"avoid":[91],"unnecessary":[93],"detour":[94],"data":[96],"area":[100],"select":[102],"path":[104],"with":[105,166],"less":[106],"congestion.":[107],"Aiming":[108],"at":[109],"problem":[111],"caused":[112],"by":[113],"untimely":[115],"updating":[116],"some":[118],"values":[119],"-learning,":[127],"-value":[135],"decay":[136],"dynamic":[138],"learning":[139],"rate":[140,162,164],"mechanism":[141],"are":[142],"proposed.":[143],"Experimental":[144],"results":[145],"demonstrate":[146],"that":[147],"algorithms":[151],"still":[152],"obtain":[154],"good":[156],"under":[158],"high":[160],"(Fault":[163],">25%)":[165],"modest":[167],"extra":[168],"hardware":[169],"overhead.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-14T08:43:22.919905","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}