{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399526425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcsys.2024.3412650","title":"Humans-in-the-Building: Getting Rid of Thermostats in Comfort-Based Energy Management Control Systems","display_name":"Humans-in-the-Building: Getting Rid of Thermostats in Comfort-Based Energy Management Control Systems","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399526425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcsys.2024.3412650"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcsys.2024.3412650","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcsys.2024.3412650","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306422535","display_name":"IEEE Control Systems Letters","issn_l":"2475-1456","issn":["2475-1456"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Control Systems Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100417458","display_name":"Jiali Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2419-0836"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143593769","display_name":"East China University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01vyrm377","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiali Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, and the Key Laboratory of Smart Manufacturing in Energy Chemical Process, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2419-0836","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, and the Key Laboratory of Smart Manufacturing in Energy Chemical Process, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028570509","display_name":"Yang Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2750-8029"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143593769","display_name":"East China University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01vyrm377","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, and the Key Laboratory of Smart Manufacturing in Energy Chemical Process, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2750-8029","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, and the Key Laboratory of Smart Manufacturing in Energy Chemical Process, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043731055","display_name":"Luca Schenato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2544-2553"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luca Schenato","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, University of Padua, Padua, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2544-2553","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Padua, Padua, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100417458"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2686,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77511312,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"1493","last_page":"1498"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9805999994277954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11954","display_name":"Energy Efficiency and Management","score":0.9413999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermostat","display_name":"Thermostat","score":0.9160911440849304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architectural-engineering","display_name":"Architectural engineering","score":0.6702706813812256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.5217617154121399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4963429570198059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-management","display_name":"Energy management","score":0.47353383898735046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.3969990313053131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.33703646063804626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.31384557485580444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.11943379044532776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.10329115390777588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07613426446914673}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187819001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187665","display_name":"Thermostat","level":2,"score":0.9160911440849304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.6702706813812256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.5217617154121399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4963429570198059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7817414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779504","display_name":"Energy management","level":3,"score":0.47353383898735046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.3969990313053131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.33703646063804626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.31384557485580444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11943379044532776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10329115390777588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07613426446914673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcsys.2024.3412650","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcsys.2024.3412650","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306422535","display_name":"IEEE Control Systems Letters","issn_l":"2475-1456","issn":["2475-1456"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Control Systems Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.research.unipd.it:11577/3525822","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11577/3525822","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196283","display_name":"Research Padua  Archive (University of Padua)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","host_organization_name":"University of Padua","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8500000238418579,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3210130273","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62293504","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4534278558","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B17017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5333276369","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"222202417006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6442699438","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62293502","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7545332879","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62233005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W610362907","https://openalex.org/W1612925974","https://openalex.org/W2080978820","https://openalex.org/W2626489783","https://openalex.org/W2742301504","https://openalex.org/W2887081623","https://openalex.org/W2902323278","https://openalex.org/W2918964466","https://openalex.org/W2945282473","https://openalex.org/W3214961275","https://openalex.org/W4294946149","https://openalex.org/W6751617342"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2038237118","https://openalex.org/W3121872160","https://openalex.org/W2349862066","https://openalex.org/W2099131511","https://openalex.org/W4237978858","https://openalex.org/W2354768891","https://openalex.org/W4229332389","https://openalex.org/W1510108650","https://openalex.org/W2322968447","https://openalex.org/W2356819012"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Energy":[1],"Management":[2],"Control":[3],"Systems":[4,10],"present":[5],"in":[6],"today\u2019s":[7],"Building":[8],"Automation":[9],"(BASs)":[11],"typically":[12],"adopt":[13],"thermostats,":[14],"potentially":[15],"integrated":[16],"with":[17],"humidity,":[18],"CO2,":[19],"and":[20,88],"occupancy":[21],"sensors,":[22],"to":[23,31,55,65],"regulate":[24],"internal":[25],"temperature":[26,92,106],"within":[27],"a":[28,49,80],"predefined":[29],"range":[30],"optimize":[32],"energy":[33,67],"consumption.":[34],"However":[35],"direct":[36],"feedback":[37],"of":[38,96,121],"occupants\u2019":[39,98],"personal":[40],"comfort":[41],"is":[42,101,107,126],"rarely":[43],"considered.":[44],"Differently,":[45],"this":[46,84],"letter":[47],"proposes":[48],"new":[50],"thermal":[51],"control":[52,75,87,125],"paradigm,":[53],"referred":[54],"as":[56,103],"\u201chumans-in-the-buildings\u201d,":[57],"where":[58],"individuals":[59],"can":[60],"directly":[61],"signal":[62],"their":[63],"discomfort":[64,99,114],"the":[66,73,97,112,119,122],"management":[68],"system":[69],"which":[70],"thus":[71],"adjusts":[72],"HVAC":[74],"inputs":[76],"accordingly.":[77],"We":[78],"provide":[79],"mathematical":[81],"formulation":[82],"for":[83],"novel":[85],"comfort-based":[86,124],"demonstrate":[89],"that":[90],"neither":[91],"sensors":[93],"nor":[94],"knowledge":[95],"profiles":[100],"required,":[102],"each":[104],"room\u2019s":[105],"regulated":[108],"based":[109],"solely":[110],"on":[111,131],"real-time":[113],"signals":[115],"from":[116],"individuals.":[117],"Finally,":[118],"effectiveness":[120],"proposed":[123],"substantiated":[127],"through":[128],"simulations":[129],"conducted":[130],"multiple":[132],"adjacent":[133],"rooms":[134],"established":[135],"building":[136],"dynamics":[137],"modeling.":[138]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-26T23:08:49.675405","created_date":"2024-06-12T00:00:00"}