{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4360584739","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcsys.2023.3260731","title":"DRIP: Domain Refinement Iteration With Polytopes for Backward Reachability Analysis of Neural Feedback Loops","display_name":"DRIP: Domain Refinement Iteration With Polytopes for Backward Reachability Analysis of Neural Feedback Loops","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4360584739","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcsys.2023.3260731"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcsys.2023.3260731","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcsys.2023.3260731","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306422535","display_name":"IEEE Control Systems Letters","issn_l":"2475-1456","issn":["2475-1456"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Control Systems Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064513857","display_name":"Michael Everett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9377-6745"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Everett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research, Cambridge, MA, USA","Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9377-6745","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004223779","display_name":"Rudy Bunel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2036-6429"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090411","display_name":"Google DeepMind (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00971b260","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090411","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rudy Bunel","raw_affiliation_strings":["DeepMind, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2036-6429","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DeepMind, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090411"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052169592","display_name":"Shayegan Omidshafiei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7758-1454"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shayegan Omidshafiei","raw_affiliation_strings":["People &#x0026; AI Research, Google Research, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"People &#x0026; AI Research, Google Research, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0597,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80346136,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"1622","last_page":"1627"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9890999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10645","display_name":"Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation","score":0.9614999890327454,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reachability","display_name":"Reachability","score":0.8379189968109131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polytope","display_name":"Polytope","score":0.8287785053253174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6421892642974854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.6258805990219116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.549333930015564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relaxation","display_name":"Relaxation (psychology)","score":0.523574948310852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obstacle","display_name":"Obstacle","score":0.509313702583313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4865509569644928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3603166937828064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.351806104183197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2977221608161926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2389240562915802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.19554036855697632}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136643341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361526","display_name":"Reachability","level":2,"score":0.8379189968109131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145691206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747980","display_name":"Polytope","level":2,"score":0.8287785053253174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6421892642974854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.6258805990219116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.549333930015564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776029896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3935810","display_name":"Relaxation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.523574948310852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776650193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264661","display_name":"Obstacle","level":2,"score":0.509313702583313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4865509569644928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3603166937828064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.351806104183197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2977221608161926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2389240562915802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.19554036855697632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcsys.2023.3260731","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcsys.2023.3260731","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306422535","display_name":"IEEE Control Systems Letters","issn_l":"2475-1456","issn":["2475-1456"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Control Systems Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.4699999988079071,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1789809724","https://openalex.org/W1983281982","https://openalex.org/W2019987083","https://openalex.org/W3120409696","https://openalex.org/W3205832376","https://openalex.org/W4206101760","https://openalex.org/W4221155870","https://openalex.org/W4252017042","https://openalex.org/W4313679833","https://openalex.org/W4315488706","https://openalex.org/W4382936108","https://openalex.org/W4383109215","https://openalex.org/W6754543342","https://openalex.org/W6784459621","https://openalex.org/W6785072133","https://openalex.org/W6800464454","https://openalex.org/W6803950203","https://openalex.org/W6843131187"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2136512912","https://openalex.org/W2127267268","https://openalex.org/W2156446763","https://openalex.org/W2067910792","https://openalex.org/W2150194458","https://openalex.org/W2143461633","https://openalex.org/W2889071233","https://openalex.org/W4321471459","https://openalex.org/W4221156924","https://openalex.org/W2147391265"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Safety":[0],"certification":[1],"of":[2,54,57,106],"data-driven":[3],"control":[4,152],"techniques":[5],"remains":[6],"a":[7,17,42,81,98,155,160],"major":[8],"open":[9],"problem.":[10],"This":[11],"work":[12,127],"investigates":[13],"backward":[14],"reachability":[15],"as":[16],"framework":[18],"for":[19,24],"providing":[20],"collision":[21],"avoidance":[22,164],"guarantees":[23],"systems":[25],"controlled":[26,158],"by":[27,159],"neural":[28],"network":[29],"(NN)":[30],"policies.":[31],"Because":[32],"NNs":[33],"are":[34],"typically":[35],"not":[36],"invertible,":[37],"existing":[38],"methods":[39],"conservatively":[40],"assume":[41],"domain":[43],"over":[44],"which":[45,50,88,117,137],"to":[46,108,133],"relax":[47],"the":[48,55,62,65,85,91,110,129,140],"NN,":[49],"causes":[51],"loose":[52],"over-approximations":[53],"set":[56,93],"states":[58],"that":[59,100],"could":[60],"lead":[61],"system":[63],"into":[64],"obstacle":[66,163],"(i.e.,":[67],"backprojection":[68],"(BP)":[69],"sets).":[70],"To":[71],"address":[72],"this":[73,126],"issue,":[74],"we":[75,96],"introduce":[76,97],"DRIP,":[77],"an":[78],"algorithm":[79,132],"with":[80],"refinement":[82],"loop":[83],"on":[84,142,151],"relaxation":[86,131],"domain,":[87],"substantially":[89],"tightens":[90,139],"BP":[92,111,143],"bounds.":[94],"Furthermore,":[95,125],"formulation":[99],"enables":[101],"directly":[102],"obtaining":[103],"closed-form":[104],"representations":[105],"polytopes":[107],"bound":[109],"sets":[112],"tighter":[113],"than":[114],"prior":[115],"work,":[116],"required":[118],"solving":[119],"linear":[120],"programs":[121],"and":[122],"using":[123],"hyper-rectangles.":[124],"extends":[128],"NN":[130,162],"handle":[134],"polytope":[135],"domains,":[136],"further":[138],"bounds":[141],"sets.":[144],"DRIP":[145],"is":[146],"demonstrated":[147],"in":[148],"numerical":[149],"experiments":[150],"systems,":[153],"including":[154],"ground":[156],"robot":[157],"learned":[161],"policy.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
