{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312573078","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcsys.2022.3230083","title":"Reduced-Order Model of Lithium-Iron Phosphate Battery Dynamics: A POD-Galerkin Approach","display_name":"Reduced-Order Model of Lithium-Iron Phosphate Battery Dynamics: A POD-Galerkin Approach","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312573078","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcsys.2022.3230083"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcsys.2022.3230083","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcsys.2022.3230083","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306422535","display_name":"IEEE Control Systems Letters","issn_l":"2475-1456","issn":["2475-1456"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Control Systems Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Simone Fasolato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4176-4619"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25217355","display_name":"University of Pavia","ror":"https://ror.org/00s6t1f81","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["IT","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Simone Fasolato","raw_affiliation_strings":["Energy Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Mountain View, CA, USA","Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Energy Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076613716","display_name":"Anirudh Allam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7640-1180"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anirudh Allam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Energy Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Mountain View, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Energy Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100381619","display_name":"Xueyan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7551-0502"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xueyan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Modeling Algorithm Team, Battery R&#x0026;D, LG Energy Solution, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Modeling Algorithm Team, Battery R&#x0026;D, LG Energy Solution, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100422977","display_name":"Dong-Hoon Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3317-1415"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donghoon Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Modeling Algorithm Team, Battery R&#x0026;D, LG Energy Solution, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Modeling Algorithm Team, Battery R&#x0026;D, LG Energy Solution, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061052956","display_name":"Johan Ko","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johan Ko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Modeling Algorithm Team, Battery R&#x0026;D, LG Energy Solution, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Modeling Algorithm Team, Battery R&#x0026;D, LG Energy Solution, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081743084","display_name":"Simona Onori","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6556-2608"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25217355","display_name":"University of Pavia","ror":"https://ror.org/00s6t1f81","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["IT","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simona Onori","raw_affiliation_strings":["Energy Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Mountain View, CA, USA","Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Energy Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25217355","https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6268,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65915677,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"1117","last_page":"1122"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10409","display_name":"Fuel Cells and Related Materials","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10018","display_name":"Advancements in Battery Materials","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lithium-iron-phosphate","display_name":"Lithium iron phosphate","score":0.608526349067688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.529920756816864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/galerkin-method","display_name":"Galerkin method","score":0.4815969169139862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.4741330146789551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.4489242732524872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ordinary-differential-equation","display_name":"Ordinary differential equation","score":0.4191739857196808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiscale-modeling","display_name":"Multiscale modeling","score":0.4154326021671295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3659234642982483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3342621326446533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.32959485054016113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3204907774925232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-equation","display_name":"Differential equation","score":0.2631964087486267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.20828664302825928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.1858532428741455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1333395540714264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.12370935082435608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-element-method","display_name":"Finite element method","score":0.12199443578720093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-chemistry","display_name":"Computational chemistry","score":0.1166156530380249}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779179610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3042400","display_name":"Lithium iron phosphate","level":4,"score":0.608526349067688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.529920756816864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186899397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1491980","display_name":"Galerkin method","level":3,"score":0.4815969169139862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4741330146789551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.4489242732524872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51544822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q465274","display_name":"Ordinary differential equation","level":3,"score":0.4191739857196808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141123601","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6935072","display_name":"Multiscale modeling","level":2,"score":0.4154326021671295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3659234642982483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3342621326446533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.32959485054016113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3204907774925232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78045399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11214","display_name":"Differential equation","level":2,"score":0.2631964087486267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.20828664302825928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.1858532428741455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1333395540714264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.12370935082435608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.12199443578720093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147597530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369472","display_name":"Computational chemistry","level":1,"score":0.1166156530380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lcsys.2022.3230083","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lcsys.2022.3230083","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306422535","display_name":"IEEE Control Systems Letters","issn_l":"2475-1456","issn":["2475-1456"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Control Systems Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522399516","https://openalex.org/W1980253085","https://openalex.org/W2014609095","https://openalex.org/W2066563827","https://openalex.org/W2085378544","https://openalex.org/W2100869222","https://openalex.org/W2130893993","https://openalex.org/W2291011329","https://openalex.org/W2310049167","https://openalex.org/W2337221380","https://openalex.org/W2768580061","https://openalex.org/W2963167725","https://openalex.org/W3046111121","https://openalex.org/W3216866279","https://openalex.org/W4281256052","https://openalex.org/W4289201283","https://openalex.org/W4296709081","https://openalex.org/W4390952989"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4321015886","https://openalex.org/W2124287120","https://openalex.org/W1951249712","https://openalex.org/W2351235964","https://openalex.org/W2011316499","https://openalex.org/W2387828351","https://openalex.org/W3162070425","https://openalex.org/W2334267221","https://openalex.org/W2037688108","https://openalex.org/W2330407971"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Lithium":[0],"iron":[1],"phosphate":[2],"batteries":[3],"with":[4,123,154],"plateau":[5],"in":[6,68,126],"the":[7,41,46,56,75,92,113,138,156],"open":[8],"circuit":[9],"voltage,":[10],"hysteresis,":[11],"and":[12,26,137,148,159],"path":[13],"dependence":[14],"dynamics":[15],"due":[16],"to":[17,24,30,39,54,90,111,119],"phase":[18,42],"transition":[19,43],"during":[20],"intercalation/de-intercalation":[21],"are":[22,168],"challenging":[23,29],"model":[25,94,130,140],"even":[27],"more":[28],"control.":[31],"A":[32],"core-shell":[33],"electrochemical":[34,102],"modeling":[35,88],"approach":[36],"is":[37,109,131],"able":[38],"capture":[40],"behavior":[44],"at":[45],"cost":[47],"of":[48,77,145,164],"using":[49],"a":[50,69,86,96,120,160],"fine-grained":[51],"spatial":[52],"grid":[53],"transform":[55,91],"governing":[57],"Partial":[58],"Differential":[59,64],"Algebraic":[60,65],"Equations":[61],"into":[62,95],"Ordinary":[63],"Equations,":[66],"resulting":[67],"computationally":[70],"expensive":[71],"system":[72,81],"intractable":[73],"for":[74,141],"design":[76],"real-time":[78],"battery":[79],"management":[80],"algorithms.":[82],"This":[83],"letter":[84],"presents":[85],"reduced-order":[87,129],"paradigm":[89],"high-dimensional":[93,139],"low-dimensional":[97],"yet":[98],"accurate":[99],"control":[100],"oriented":[101],"model.":[103],"The":[104,128],"Proper":[105],"Orthogonal":[106],"Decomposition-Galerkin":[107],"method":[108],"used":[110],"reduce":[112],"state":[114],"variable":[115],"vector":[116],"from":[117],"169":[118],"meager":[121],"9":[122],"negligible":[124],"loss":[125],"fidelity.":[127],"validated":[132],"against":[133],"both":[134],"experimental":[135],"data":[136],"discharging-charging":[142],"load":[143],"profiles":[144],"different":[146],"C-rates":[147],"real":[149],"driving":[150],"cycles.":[151],"Promising":[152],"results":[153],"one-third":[155],"computational":[157],"burden":[158],"voltage":[161],"RMS":[162],"error":[163],"less":[165],"than":[166],"0.6%":[167],"achieved.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-15T08:11:43.952461","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
